This reminds me of <a href="http://codegolf.stackexchange.com/questions/50299/draw-an-image-as-a-voronoi-map" rel="nofollow">http://codegolf.stackexchange.com/questions/50299/draw-an-im...</a>. There were some great, rather creative results: in particular, using weighted poisson disc sampling or fuzzy k-means returned some really nice images.
This is very similar, visually, to the "Crystallize" filter in Photoshop. Here's a sample of the Hubble image run through that:<p><a href="http://i.imgur.com/dVEzOZi.png" rel="nofollow">http://i.imgur.com/dVEzOZi.png</a>
Here's a somewhat-similar tool that uses Delaunay triangulation: <a href="https://github.com/timbennett/delaunay" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/timbennett/delaunay</a><p>The frontend has a few issues and seems to break after running more than one or two images, if anyone wants to submit a patch.