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How to Leverage Technical Debt

102 pointsby mortimerwaxover 9 years ago

7 comments

mikekcharover 9 years ago
The biggest thing I think people need to know about technical debt is that it must be used to create growth. Consider the situation where you go to the bank and ask for a loan. You tell the loan manager that you will spend the money on pizza parties. Unless you are in the pizza business, you are unlikely to secure the loan. Loan managers want to know how you are going to use the money you gain to generate growth and ultimately pay the money back (with interest).<p>Now consider technical debt. When you go to your architect and say, &quot;I want you to hack something so that we can get it out the door a month earlier&quot;, your architect should respond with, &quot;What are you going to do with that time I give you?&quot; If the answer is, &quot;I just think we need to get to market as soon as possible&quot;, then you are doing the technical debt equivalent of spending borrowed money on pizza parties.<p>As a reasonable architect, I need assurances that I&#x27;m going to be paid interest on the loan. If I give you a month, I&#x27;m going to need a month and a half back. You need to explain to me how you are going to make that kind of time. If you can not, then the business plan needs rethinking. No respectable banker would say, &quot;Oh, there is a 0.1% chance of success if I lend them the money, but a 0% chance of success if I don&#x27;t. I&#x27;d better lend them the money!&quot; He says, &quot;Come back when you have a better business plan&quot;.<p>The other annoying issue is that complexity in software can grow exponentially. So the cost of repaying the debt can quickly outstrip your ability to pay. Imagine borrowing money and having an interest rate of 1% for the first month, doubling every month. Seems like a wonderful idea to borrow the money, but you better pay it back <i>fast</i>.<p>The problem with technical debt is not that you must avoid it at all cost, it&#x27;s that you must think very hard about whether or not you can afford it. If you can&#x27;t, you should avoid it. If that puts your company out of business, then you need a better business plan.
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yanilkrover 9 years ago
The best way I learned to deal with technical debt is to package it into securitized collateral debt obligations and find a product manager who can structure them into traunches and then find a QA manager who can rate these traunches and set up a regulatory framework with in which project managers can provide liquidity necessary to deal with it. If that does not work try to find an executive who can issue an Asset backed commercial paper that developers love. Now at this point the debt is handled so well it no longer is an issue.
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jonduboisover 9 years ago
I think technical debt in the right places is fine. You have to know when it&#x27;s OK to cut corners and when it&#x27;s not. Novice software developers will sometimes think that all technical decisions are equally important, but that&#x27;s not the case. Some technical decisions are way more important than others.<p>For example, I&#x27;ve found that anything related to the general architecture of your app is very important and you should almost never cut corners in those areas - This includes decisions related to what framework you will use, the structure of your URLs&#x2F;links, how your app will use&#x2F;reuse components, database engines, etc... These are fundamental engineering decisions and if you rush those, you will likely suffer for many years.<p>On the other hand, I found that it&#x27;s generally OK to hack together the contents&#x2F;features of individual pages within an app - If you mess up one page, you can always rewrite it fairly quickly.<p>Software is like a tree - If some of the leaves become diseased and start falling off - That&#x27;s OK; so long as the tree&#x27;s trunk is healthy and sturdy, the leaves can grow back quickly. If the trunk is rotten and the whole tree falls down - You will have to start again from scratch... If it doesn&#x27;t crush you on the way down.
pan69over 9 years ago
I don&#x27;t see technical debt as a problem, I see the lack of refactoring as part of a software teams culture as a problem.<p>Technical debt will be incurred, if you like it or not. Even if you spend a long time on architecture and abstractions, developing software is a process and the &quot;fantastic&quot; architecture you created a year ago is now hopelessly outdated. This happens because over time your insight into the problem domain increases which will give you a better understanding on how to approach the problem which will lead to better decisions on all sorts of things regarding the software you&#x27;re writing.<p>Having refactoring as part of a software development team culture can help you manage technical debt. If you assume that the code itself isn&#x27;t precious but the experience of the developers writing the code is, then you can move forward. You can have refactor sessions at regular intervals, e.g. every Friday afternoon or a whole Friday every fortnight, whatever works for you and your team.<p>In a refactor session the whole team can work together to make the software better; many eyes make all bugs shallow [1]. It also give an opportunity to create better synergy and banter between team members.<p>[1] <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Linus%27s_Law" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Linus%27s_Law</a>
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bborehamover 9 years ago
The financial equivalent is more like selling an unhedged option than borrowing - the cost of paying back will increase unpredictably based on what other people do, not at a steady rate like interest.
ColinDabritzover 9 years ago
I enjoyed the article, although I disagreed on some minor points, some of the broad strokes seem solid to me. Very thought provoking.<p>I think it&#x27;s interesting to contrast the thrust of the article with Ward Cunningham&#x27;s original definition of technical debt: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.youtube.com&#x2F;watch?v=pqeJFYwnkjE" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.youtube.com&#x2F;watch?v=pqeJFYwnkjE</a><p>Wards definition is much more about the differences between the current implementation of the software and your understanding of the problem, particularly as your understanding changes over time.<p>He explicitly says that &quot;tehcnical debt&quot; is NOT an excuse to write known-to-be-poor code, which is why I disagree with the &#x2F;&#x2F;TOBECLEANED approach.<p>This change in perspective shifts the point of view quite a bit. In some ways this problem defines a startup, your biggest problem is that you don&#x27;t understand your problem. It&#x27;s somewhat likely that you won&#x27;t even have the same problem you&#x27;ll successfully solve later. The first points are salient here, focus your engineering efforts on the things you don&#x27;t understand yet, and the minimum support it needs to be viable. Shorten your feedback loop as you navigate the things you do not yet understand.<p>In this light, a startup is actively SEEKING technical debt, because it represents gaining understanding about a problem, and exploring that space quickly. This doesn&#x27;t mean you have to &quot;cut corners&quot; and do things you know to be flawed, but it suggests focusing on small &#x27;forays&#x27; into the unknown, gaining understanding quickly, and being willing to throw away your exploration for a new one if it isn&#x27;t working. Then once you find a problem you start to understand and seems like a viable direction, you have a body of &#x27;technical debt&#x27; that is the work you need to do to bring the software to your new growing understanding.<p>It seems like being willing to throw away the exploration if the direction isn&#x27;t working out is a key advantage of a startup, along with the quick iteration times and lean support for explorations. This is why I dislike the suggestions of writing known-bad code. You&#x27;re slowing your exploration down, but you aren&#x27;t gaining understanding of the problem. It&#x27;s junk debt, not technical debt. You can carefully minimize the supporting infrastructure your exploration requires, and avoid writing extra code, but you can&#x27;t just slap it together.<p>It&#x27;s not enough to flail around building as fast as you can, you have to deliberately learn and explore problems and understanding as you go, and evaluate which ones to put more exploration into and which to abandon. To me, this is the core work of a startup that differentiates it from established companies who are executing on a reasonably well understood problem. The (sometimes gradual) transition happens when you stop exploring, and start focusing on clearing the technical debt from your current exploration.<p>Thanks for sharing the article, I enjoyed engaging with these ideas!
purpled_hazeover 9 years ago
The development team at a company I worked for stated they had technical debt. They said they would spend the next year eradicating it. Then didn&#x27;t even try.<p>You want to know what technical debt really is? The result of procrastination in the realm of tech.<p>It&#x27;s not even worth giving it a funny name like technical debt that upper management doesn&#x27;t really get. They understand what procrastination is.<p>You can&#x27;t spin procrastination. It is what it is.
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