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Anatomy of a Hoax

120 pointsby mefover 8 years ago

12 comments

ComputerGuruover 8 years ago
Speaking of hoaxes, forgive me for going off on a tangent, but this is my favorite hoax: <a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;hoaxes.org&#x2F;af_database&#x2F;permalink&#x2F;the_eruption_of_mount_edgecumbe&#x2F;" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;hoaxes.org&#x2F;af_database&#x2F;permalink&#x2F;the_eruption_of_moun...</a>
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woodandsteelover 8 years ago
It&#x27;s important to understand that structuralism-post-structuralism-postmodernism is basically a far-left political movement. When the workers failed to overthrow capitalism, when the Soviet Union turned into a dreary dictatorship, and when the newly-independent colonies of Africa failed turn into social paradises, many leftist intellectuals looked around for a new way to attack capitalism.<p>What they came up with was a social-constructivist, radical relativist attack that goes back to Nietzsche, Kant, Hume, and ultimately Plato&#x27;s two-world view of reality. This was supposed to work because the argument for capitalism is based on a belief that reality is such that it works better for increasing human well-being than any other economic system.<p>What is interesting is that the postmodernists are themselves not really radical relativists. They believe, for instance, that famine is a real phenomenon and that it is truly bad. Their idea was that deconstructionist arguments would cleanse people of their capitalist ideology, and then their minds would be open to see the truths of socialism. Needless to say, this strategy was a failure.
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ruminaseanover 8 years ago
Wait, does it bother anyone else right off the bat that the fishing line in the pic accompanying the story is tied incorrectly around the eye of the hook? I&#x27;m the only photographer here? I&#x27;ll see myself out.
DanBCover 8 years ago
If you enjoyed reading this you might also enjoy the BBC Radio Four Programme &quot;The Reunion&quot;, which reunites a group of people involved in a moment of modern history.<p><a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.bbc.co.uk&#x2F;programmes&#x2F;b007x9vc" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.bbc.co.uk&#x2F;programmes&#x2F;b007x9vc</a><p>For example: Dolly the Sheep <a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.bbc.co.uk&#x2F;programmes&#x2F;b01mhsdw" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.bbc.co.uk&#x2F;programmes&#x2F;b01mhsdw</a><p>The 1983 Hitler Diaries forgeries: <a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.bbc.co.uk&#x2F;programmes&#x2F;b00d8gvj" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.bbc.co.uk&#x2F;programmes&#x2F;b00d8gvj</a><p>The Centre for Alternate Technology: <a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.bbc.co.uk&#x2F;programmes&#x2F;b01s393k" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.bbc.co.uk&#x2F;programmes&#x2F;b01s393k</a>
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ianamartinover 8 years ago
The problem here is that there are, in fact, tons of academic research and publication endeavors that are largely bullshit. But there are overall even more tons that are legitimate.<p>The arts and humanities don&#x27;t own all the bullshit, nor do the sciences have a lock on the good stuff.<p>There are deep problem in the academic world. The incentives are broken, and the pay is quite low.<p>There have been movements towards &quot;science-ing&quot; (for lack of a better word) almost every area of thought, and the results are not good.<p>In music theory and composition, there were attempts to &quot;science&quot; music back in the 1950s, 60s, and 70s. For a solid few decades, you couldn&#x27;t get a job as a music theory or comp professor without subscribing to musical set theory, integrated serialism, or 12-tone row methods of composition.<p>There was a specific attempt to &quot;elevate&quot; the study of music to the realm of math and science, to use stochastic methods and musical &quot;proofs&quot; to show the perfection of a piece of music.<p>It was all ridiculous, the music created by these methods was unlistenable and unapproachable, which the proponents of this movement used as an excuse to say, &quot;well, if you understood it better, you&#x27;d like it more. But you&#x27;re an idiot, so you don&#x27;t get it.&quot;<p>Similar things are happening in a lot of areas. The rise of statistics as a tool and the easy accessibility of software that allows people with no understanding of how these methods are supposed to work let&#x27;s people who are basically out of ideas to come up with all kinds of pseudo-scientific-sounding thoughts to go p-value fishing and publish papers that are literally garbage.<p>They don&#x27;t just do it for fun though. They do it because publications are directly tied to salary, grants, and prestige.<p>If you&#x27;re working in the humanities, the fastest way to a raise is to spew some bullshit out on a paper with some numbery-type words, some stats, and a theory that&#x27;s the falsifiable to begin with, but can&#x27;t be argued with by your peers because it&#x27;s all completely unintelligible to begin with.<p>Your coworkers wont call you on it because they don&#x27;t want to lose out on the next big thing, and no one else will call you on it because actual scientists won&#x27;t admit that they don&#x27;t know enough about humanities buzzwords to tell bullshit from good ideas.<p>You end up with clowns like Deepak Chopra saying things that almost anyone can tell are utter bullshit, but almost no one will complain about.<p>The vast majority of academics are like my parents: they teach German or history, they&#x27;ve been doing it well for around 50 years, and they don&#x27;t pretend to think the world needs new research about der, die, or das when it comes to gender agreement.<p>And there are the occasional few who look at gender agreement and see an opportunity to get a quick raise by writing about how gender agreement in the German language is sexist according to x percent of people they surveyed on yougov who don&#x27;t actually speak German.<p>There is a legitimate problem in certain parts of the humanities, and as someone who only ever studied violin, music theory, and philosophy--now working in the tech world--it&#x27;s disappointing to see the humanities and liberal arts get a bad rap.<p>The problem is systemic though. It comes not from a lack of diligence, but from the fact that this kind of irresponsible research is strongly incentivized by the university structure. From pay to collegial respect to tenure: calling bullshit out is not encouraged. It is frowned upon.<p>If there is a tragedy in American Universities, it is exactly this: a place that promotes tenure as a mechanism to ensure free thought and the mutual exchange of ideas without fear of reprisal has turned into a system where disagreeing with obvious bullshit is a big mistake.
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bitwizeover 8 years ago
It&#x27;s been pointed out before but:<p>a) <i>Social Text</i> is a pleb-tier journal<p>b) Sokal pressured them into publishing his junk article<p>So it&#x27;s not the home run against postmodernism that Sokal and his fans thought it was.
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RodericDayover 8 years ago
The wikipedia page for Sokal Affair has a lovely section called &quot;similar incidents&quot;<p>&gt; Christoph Bartneck, an Associate Professor in Information Technology at New Zealand&#x27;s University of Canterbury, was invited to submit a paper to the 2016 International Conference on Atomic and Nuclear Physics organised by ConferenceSeries. With little knowledge of nuclear physics, he used iOS&#x27;s auto-complete function to write the paper, choosing randomly from its suggestions after starting each sentence,[24] and submitted it under the name Iris Pear (a reference to Siri and Apple).[25] A sample sentence from the abstract for the resulting manuscript was: &quot;The atoms of a better universe will have the right for the same as you are the way we shall have to be a great place for a great time to enjoy the day you are a wonderful person to your great time to take the fun and take a great time and enjoy the great day you will be a wonderful time for your parents and kids&quot;[24] and the 516-word abstract contained the words &quot;good&quot; and &quot;great&quot; a combined total of 28 times (and is available online).[25] Despite making no sense, the work was accepted within three hours of submission and a conference registration fee of US$1099 requested.[24][25] The incident was compared to an earlier case where Peter Vamplew, from Federation University in Victoria, had a manuscript containing only the phrase &quot;Get me off your fucking mailing list&quot; accepted by the International Journal of Advanced Computer Technology.[24][26] ConferenceSeries is associated with the OMICS Publishing Group,[27] which produces open access journals widely regarded as predatory, and has been accused of moving into &quot;predatory meetings&quot;.[28] Bartneck said he was &quot;reasonably certain that this is a money-making conference with little to no commitment to science,&quot; given the poor quality of the review process and the high cost of attendance.[24]<p>&gt; &quot;Who&#x27;s Afraid of Peer Review?&quot;: In 2013 John Bohannon wrote in Science about a &quot;sting operation&quot; he conducted in which he submitted &quot;a credible but mundane scientific paper, one with such grave errors that a competent peer reviewer should easily identify it as flawed and unpublishable&quot;, to 304 open-access publishers.[30] 157 journals accepted the paper. There have been some objections to the sting&#x27;s methodology and about what conclusions can be drawn from it.[31][32]<p>&gt; SCIgen program: a paper randomly generated by the SCIgen program was accepted without peer-review for presentation at the 2005 World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (WMSCI). The conference announced the prank of having accepted the article as not peer reviewed, despite none of the three assigned peer-reviewers having submitted an opinion about its fidelity, veracity, or accuracy to its subject. The three MIT graduate students who wrote the hoax article said they were ignorant of the Sokal Affair until after submitting their article.<p>---<p>It&#x27;s pretty incredible how years and years on, techies with an axe to grind continue to milk this story to get their &quot;two minutes hate&quot; on liberal arts.
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CalChrisover 8 years ago
You want an anatomy of a hoax? <i>When Dickens Met Dostoyevsky.</i><p><a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.the-tls.co.uk&#x2F;articles&#x2F;public&#x2F;when-dickens-met-dostoevsky&#x2F;" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.the-tls.co.uk&#x2F;articles&#x2F;public&#x2F;when-dickens-met-do...</a>
mcguireover 8 years ago
Good article! For those who haven&#x27;t finished it, here&#x27;s the bottom line:<p>&quot;<i>ELLEN SCHRECKER, professor emerita of history, Yeshiva University: What Sokal was showing was the downgrading of academic expertise. Historians go into the archives and we interview people and try to find out what happened from the evidence — rather than relying on secondhand information. Basically it’s a confrontation between a trained mind and a piece of evidence. This is what physicists do, this is what biologists do. This is what literary theorists do, too, but I think what happened to them is they ran out of new documents, and so they began to poach on the rest of us.</i><p>[...]<p>&quot;<i>What really bothered me was the inability of Alan Sokal and the other people who were responding to him to realize how this was playing out in the larger world. The hoax was very clever. But then he should have made the broader point about what’s really happening out there. I don’t think that things would have changed if he hadn’t written it, but he didn’t look around him and see that academic expertise was already under attack. Today is the culmination of 40 years of attacks on academic expertise. It’s fine if you want to make fun of deconstruction, but it’s not fine if you make fun of climate change.</i><p>&quot;<i>BÉRUBÉ: It’s widely accepted now that among the most controversial things you can do on a campus is deal with gender and sexuality, the Middle East, or climate change. I mean, they’re not exempt, the scientists. I didn’t think they would be, but it took some years for my argument to take hold. I said, the forces that are this anti-intellectual and this skeptical of what we do on campus, they’ll get wind of you soon enough.</i><p>&quot;<i>SOKAL: There is in American culture a persistent anti-intellectual current, which looks down on the pointy-headed professors and is happy to pick up on any excuse to have a laugh at them. That was the negative side.</i><p>&quot;<i>BÉRUBÉ: The echo chamber that publishes Sokal’s essay is so much less pernicious than the echo chamber that believes Hillary Clinton was running a child-sex ring out of a pizza parlor. Now we’re talking something well beyond epistemic closure and something much more like total batshit.</i><p>&quot;<i>SCHRECKER: What we’re reaping is an incredible moment of anti-intellectualism in American life, and it’s dangerous.</i>&quot;<p>My take is that Sokal wanted to attack a specific, limited movement, although he didn&#x27;t necessarily understand the nuances of <i>who</i> he was attacking. However, the result of his hoax was to give a freakin&#x27; big stick to them as want to attack those ivory tower eggheads with things like, &quot;a majority of published research is wrong, and given that academics inhabit a very rarefied and solipsistic reality rather different from most of us&quot;.
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samirillianover 8 years ago
Always have mixed feelings about this debacle, leaning towards positive dislike for Sokal&#x27;s little trick. Despite his claims to the contrary, I simply don&#x27;t believe he&#x27;s serious. Plenty of articles come through HN criticizing the manner in which the scientific community legitimizes bad research, or vice versa. Sokal&#x27;s critiques always seem to involve the least charitable possible interpretation of a philosopher&#x27;s words, or simple misconstrual.<p>For example, is it really so unreasonable to analogize Einstein&#x27;s theories of relativity to epistemological&#x2F;moral relativity?
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grabcocqueover 8 years ago
Given that, for various reasons, a majority of published research is wrong, and given that academics inhabit a very rarefied and solipsistic reality rather different from most of us, you might well ask why you&#x27;d think academics would be well suited to sniffing out hoaxes. If anything I&#x27;d suggest quite the opposite.
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tsunamifuryover 8 years ago
Just from reading the summary, it feels like his joke had some strains of truth to it, and his fear of the impact of what it would mean to take that seriously caused him to frame it sarcastically instead.<p>What a shame he chose to not take the idea of rebuilding science in post-truth philosophical world and instead made it a crude joke.
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