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The two questions I ask every interviewer

307 pointsby deafcalculusover 7 years ago

30 comments

nmalagutiover 7 years ago
Each time I read a post like this I say to myself “they’re not wrong, but something is also missing.”<p>If there was a way to evaluate a candidate based on how well they would do at their actual job, in an hour or less, that couldn’t be games or cheated, we’d all be using it.<p>That isn’t to say we shouldn’t work on improving the hiring process, but how much time, both from the perspective of the candidate and the company, is too much time to invest in a potential hire?<p>Would we get better signal if you came to work for us for a week and paired with everyone on the team? Sure! But how many candidates can take a week off from their current job? The author talked to 11 companies. Could they invest 11+ weeks in their job search full time in order to find their next role? What about the loss in productivity? Can you have more than one candidate in the office in a given week? What if your ramp up time for full time employees is actually longer than a week? Are you biasing for people who ramp up fast instead of people who will be ultimately more productive and impactful?<p>I often feel that engineers write these posts because they know that they themselves are good at their job, but feel it is silly to have to develop an alternative set of skills in order to signal that they are a good hire. Or they get rejected and blame the process or those alternative skills. I’ve felt the same way and wanted the system to be better tailored for my skill set, but balanced against the time investment for some alternatives, I see why we have the process we do.
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dorfsmayover 7 years ago
The &quot;good fit&quot; sent shivers through my spine!<p>I&#x27;m a bit of an odd ball in terms of background, and in my early 20&#x27;s I interviewed for really interesting jobs at really interesting companies (Intel, oracle, Digital, and some more). Every single time the tech staff I would have worked with finished the interviews by saying &quot;You just need one last interview with HR, it will be nothing, looking forward to work with you!&quot;.<p>And every single time the answer from HR was that &quot; I would not fit in&quot;.<p>After 4 or 5 companies turning me down I thought fuck this, I don&#x27;t want to fit in, I want to produce good quality work and make customers happy, and started to look exclusively for contracts. Thirty years later, I&#x27;m still contracting, every single of my customers has been very happy with my work.<p>Funnily enough, nobody tried to hire me as an employee in those 30 years! And they were right, I&#x27;d probably wouldn&#x27;t fit in. I don&#x27;t accept status quo, I don&#x27;t buy in cargo cult, I&#x27;m not interested in coming in to wait for the hours to go by.<p>Remember, &quot;fitting in&quot; is not necessarily a good thing. People hire me because I don&#x27;t.
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chrisbennetover 7 years ago
<i>&quot;In 1985, Freada Klein (then head of organizational development for Lotus) did an experiment... With Kapor’s permission, Klein pulled together the résumés of the first forty Lotus employees... Klein explained that most of these early employees had skills the growing company needed, but many had done “risky and wacko things” such as being community organizers, being clinical psychologists, living at an ashram, or like Kapor, teaching transcendental meditation.<p>Then Klein did something sneaky. She submitted all forty resumes to the Lotus human resources department.<p>Not one of the forty applicants, including Kapor, was invited for a job interview. The founders had built a world that rejected people like them.&quot;</i><p><a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;vault.theleadershiphub.com&#x2F;blogs&#x2F;if-you-werent-boss-would-your-company-hire-you" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;vault.theleadershiphub.com&#x2F;blogs&#x2F;if-you-werent-boss-w...</a>
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mlashcorpover 7 years ago
I always interview for &quot;culture fit&quot;. In my experience, that&#x27;s almost always the bottleneck, and the technical part is rarely a problem. Learning a new skill is not an earth-shattering problem if you have a good attitude towards work, and good interpersonal skills are a must in teams
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_chris_over 7 years ago
<i>&gt;If you want to make a change to your interview process, give it to some of your current employees first. If anyone fails it, ask yourself if that person should be fired. The answer is probably no.</i><p>That&#x27;s a fascinating idea that&#x27;s never crossed my mind. E.g., how many current employees can pass whiteboard coding exams?
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lucideerover 7 years ago
&gt; <i>less than 10% of the companies that I&#x27;ve interviewed with have said that their interview process was designed to evaluate how effectively someone could do the job that they&#x27;re being hired for.</i><p>I don&#x27;t think an interview process can do this tbh.<p>A good interview process can evaluate <i>if</i> they can do the job that they&#x27;re being hired for, in most cases, but I would say only an actual trial&#x2F;probationary period can evaluate <i>how effectively</i> they can do it. And even then, how effective they are may be environmental - completely external to their own internal competence.<p>After concluding that a candidate <i>can</i> do the job, the secondary purpose of the interview process is filtering for people that will positively affect the work environment of their colleagues (and&#x2F;or filter out those who may negatively affect others). As an interviewer, I would make some effort not to lean too heavily on my own biases and try and also consider how they&#x27;d get on with my colleagues that I know well, but there is unfortunately always going to be some implicit bias here.
arkadiytehgraetover 7 years ago
As an interviewee, one of the questions (that I shamelessly stole from somewhere on HN) I like to ask recruiters is this: &quot;Do you like working here?&quot; The answers and the way the answers are given usually tell you quite a lot about the company and the specific place you are going to work.
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dandareover 7 years ago
His point, that hiring process is not a scientific process, is probably correct. But the same is true about performance review process (in my opinion). At best, the performance review is unscientific and biased, at worst it is a popularity contest, while usually, it is a formality.<p>&gt; I&#x27;ve never had an interview that tried to evaluate my ability to work in a team or prioritize tasks - both of which are probably more important to doing well in a software engineering job than being able to find anagrams in O(n) time.<p>And I have never seen a test that could reliably evaluate your &quot;ability to work in a team or prioritize tasks&quot;.<p>The hiring process is usually unscientific because making it reliably scientific is very expensive.
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conductrover 7 years ago
I think this is a bit of a slippery slope. In that, if most employers really evaluated what skills they needed over cultural fit and their desire for _The Best_ then, I postulate many of these companies would also realize they have absolutely no reason to be paying super high US&#x2F;EU salaries, especially the salaries for tech talent in the tech hubs.<p>They would realize that they probably just need a kick ass project management framework and access to a pool of low paid but capable programmers (eg. a remote team in India&#x2F;China&#x2F;etc). Most startup tech isn&#x27;t solving any huge tech problems, it&#x27;s just building to spec&#x2F;vision and iterating based on feedback and maybe if you&#x27;re lucky you get to do this under load&#x2F;at scale.) I know things have been outsourced with countless examples of bad results but I think it&#x27;s really just a project management problem - not a skills gap (again for most startup tech we see today, but probably a significant portion of enterprise jobs too).<p>I have more of a bootstrap mindset for most things. So I almost never understand the $1M seed funded startups that get an office and hire a few programmers in SV and instantly only have 6 months of runway just to build a Tinder clone or something with little tech complexity. In my mind, they could easily outsource development and spend 90% of their money on sales.<p>Edit: I say &quot;outsource&quot; a lot above, I actually mean remote teammates that you manage
notacowardover 7 years ago
He <i>almost</i> gets it right. Hiring for some abstract &quot;best&quot; isn&#x27;t so great. Hiring for &quot;culture fit&quot; is practically an invitation to discriminate. OTOH, people rarely do only one thing at a company, so it&#x27;s important to remember that you&#x27;re hiring for a <i>job</i> rather than a specific task. You need to evaluate fundamental skills, including collaboration or leadership skills (and styles), not just knowledge of specific subject matter.
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listentojohanover 7 years ago
One of the good interview experiences I had, included going through a project I had previously done, framing the problem, how I&#x27;d have worked through it (with class&#x2F;function level whiteboarding), and what could be improved. It was a project from a previous job, but too high level to be replicated. But could see how going through work from a previous job could be problematic (no code was shown).
pjc50over 7 years ago
Note that if your company is small, it can be very hard to do any kind of meaningful statistical process control on hiring.<p>The &quot;track careers of people you rejected&quot; idea is an interesting one, but depends very much on how public people make their careers. I suppose you can rely on LinkedIn for 90% of people.<p>(What is HN&#x27;s opinion of the Stack Overflow Developer Story?)
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cubanoover 7 years ago
There are so many cognitive biases in play when it comes to hiring its basically a total crapshoot no matter what processes and shit is in place.<p>People hire people they like, period.
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comstockover 7 years ago
&gt; If you want to make a change to your interview process, give it to some of your current employees<p>I don’t think I would respond well to this as an employee.
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kskover 7 years ago
These posts always read to me as being a bit presumptuous. The fact that you&#x27;re looking for a job at that particular company means they&#x27;re doing _something_ right, with regards to hiring, or shipping quality products, or having a good work culture, etc, etc. If I was the interviewer, I would never hire a person with this sort of &quot;know it all&quot; attitude. If you think you can be a better interviewer, then you have to show you are, rather than coming up with a logical argument of &quot;doing it this way makes sense&quot;. Basically, unless you yourself are in that position, or have intimate knowledge of it, you don&#x27;t know why someone made those decisions.
unotiover 7 years ago
In the original article the author said:<p>&gt; I&#x27;ve never had an interview that tried to evaluate my ability to work in a team or prioritize tasks...<p>I found this interesting, because there are some good ways to look for this that I always ask when interviewing. I wonder if the author had been checked on these things and just didn’t notice.<p>One thing I always do in interviews is after I see the approach the candidate is taking, show them another approach and see if they can understand it and run with it. Many candidates struggle with wrapping their brain around any other approach than their own. This is about collaboration and teamwork.<p>It’s also very common to have behavioral questions that talk through what some challenges were and how you solved them, and to ask probing questions about how the candidate dealt with differing opinions in the best way to proceed. This also is looking at teamwork skills.<p>Regarding prioritizing tasks, it’s routine for me to ask a candidate to break a problem down into components. Then evaluate which are the most difficult, and which they’d tackle first and why. I’m looking to see if they try to reduce risks early in their process. This is something more senior people do better.<p>I wonder if the author has indeed been interviewed about teamwork skills and just didn’t realize it.
j_sover 7 years ago
I would like to see YC take over the initial chunk of the hiring process for their companies, and publically document the heck out of how to do it best.<p>Posts like this one demonstrate that free access to the front page of HN for job listings isn&#x27;t enough:<p>Don&#x27;t work for CrateJoy | <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;news.ycombinator.com&#x2F;item?id=15486301" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;news.ycombinator.com&#x2F;item?id=15486301</a>
kreetxover 7 years ago
A side note, but the latter two answers (2. being a good fit and 3. doing a good job) sound very much the same to me.
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dvtover 7 years ago
&gt; I&#x27;ve heard &quot;Hmm, I don&#x27;t actually know what it is that we&#x27;re looking for&quot; from a few recruiters<p>Why do you even care <i>what</i> recruiters say? They&#x27;re there to make as many hires as possible and get their commission. Don&#x27;t get me wrong, this is actually a decent question, but you might as well ask a car salesman what he likes doing in his free time. It <i>doesn&#x27;t matter</i> -- he&#x27;s trying to sell you a car.<p>&gt; How do you evaluate how well you&#x27;re meeting your goal? -- The majority of the companies that I ask this to essentially answer &quot;we don&#x27;t&quot; to this question.<p>I&#x27;m going to go ahead and call BS on this one. Literally every company (outside of early-stage startups) has some kind of performance review. Most of these are completely artificial and completely suck, but they&#x27;re definitely <i>there</i>.
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derekmhewittover 7 years ago
Just as a spitball idea...<p>What about a structured &quot;cohort&quot; hiring process where you give potential employees short term (literally one or two days, where you have a group exercise like a &quot;hackathon&quot; where you make a sample product for demo, then moving up to one or two week rounds) contracts that allow you to evaluate and accept (pass on to future rounds) or reject a large candidate pool and thereby filter your potential future employees. Given the current costs of recruiters, HR personnel, interviews and headhunters this might actually end up being cheaper than current &quot;traditional&quot; hiring methods and could generate some very effective development teams.
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austincheneyover 7 years ago
My goals as an interviewer:<p>1. Do you have a solid understanding of the foundations for your skill&#x2F;discipline?<p>2. If you were given $100,000 VC capital and told to build a revolutionary new thing how would you build it?<p>If a candidate cannot adequately address the first objective then I will find another candidate who can. This is pure and simple elimination with simple non-biased questions on things the candidate should know to do their job without abstractions, tooling, and other trendy bullshit.<p>The second objective is where I can evaluate my bias against the candidate&#x27;s, but only after the candidate has passed the technical evaluation in a non-biased manner.
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eagsalazar2over 7 years ago
No interviewing system is perfect or even good. Having said that interviewing, in my experience, isn&#x27;t actually the biggest problem companies have with hiring. The biggest failures are when you have that realization that someone isn&#x27;t working out where most companies don&#x27;t have the stomach to deal with the problem decisively through candid feedback&#x2F;conversation or possibly letting that person go. This natural shyness around confrontation hurts everyone involved including both the employee in question and all their team members.
kevinmobrienover 7 years ago
Interviewing is subjective. It’s about sitting down in a specific context and extrapolating, based on incomplete information, about a future set of conditions that will likely change when time catches up to them.<p>If we can start with the idea that interviews are a very blunt instrument, the process becomes at least somewhat compressible: it selects for people who recognize the parameters and perform well within that context. At best, that pattern-matches to success. At worst, it filters out talented folks who don’t interview well, but could code well.
jasonmaydieover 7 years ago
&quot;Best people&quot; and &quot;good fit&quot; means they are looking for someone with both technical and soft skills. They don&#x27;t want a skilled worker who is difficult to manage or communicate with, and they don&#x27;t want a nice guy who is not skilled. It makes sense to me.
wildmusingsover 7 years ago
I disagree with the reasoning here. Just because the interviewer says 1 or 2, doesn&#x27;t mean that they&#x27;re not actually or also looking for 3. We humans tend to be imprecise in understanding and stating our own motivations.
scraftover 7 years ago
The best interview I had (for a lead games programmer position) was a written test, I can&#x27;t remember the exact details but perhaps 24 pages and 45 minutes to complete it. Before starting I flicked through the entire test to get a feel for what was being asked of me, and then for a little while debated just getting up and leaving the room. It felt a bit crazy, a test on all sorts of disciplines of games programming that I wasn&#x27;t an expert in, and I didn&#x27;t intend to become an expert in (and the job I was applying for didn&#x27;t require me to be an expert in). But I calmed down, tackled the test in the best way I could, answered the questions in an order where my most confident answers (and quick to complete) answers were done first, then moving onto ones I had a pretty good idea of, then ones I knew less well, etc.<p>40 minutes in, the CEO of the company came in, it is a ~300 man company, so it was interested in itself that he came in. Anyway, he wanted to go through the test, I said I hadn&#x27;t finished yet, and had made a note of the start time, and still had 5 minutes remaining. He said it doesn&#x27;t matter, lets have a look. And he flicked through the test and didn&#x27;t look at my answers and instead found a section of the test which I had completely ignored (it was to do with AI and path finding, both topics I have done almost nothing on during my entire education and career). Of course, this was the question he wanted me to answer, I explained the reasons I hadn&#x27;t answered it, and said if they wanted me to do things like this it really wouldn&#x27;t be a suitable job for me. But he persisted, stop worrying about all of these things, just answer the question now. Again I had that slight feeling of wanting to just leave, but again I overcame in.<p>I started talking him through the things I did know about the question, pointing out areas which could cause problems, then started listing what I could do to limit the question to avoid some of these issues (it had a picture of a top down level, the question was inside a box, I said lets initially forget about the box for example). Then I started just talking about an initial algorithm which could route AI around the level - I said it would obviously be really bad (basically AI just walking into things, then working out where to go next, and then a bit later saying oh I could keep track of where I have been in case I end up at the same point, etc.) we talked more about it, he asked some questions, and bit by bit I came up with a solution.<p>He said that&#x27;s interesting, because during this process you have described parts of various algorithms which someone who has studied AI would know about, but you are going from a brute force perspective, not having any way points in the level, no extra level knowledge. I said I didn&#x27;t realize I was allowed to do that, if I could do that, I could potentially come up with some nodes in the level, and rather than bumping into objects, go between nodes, work out the distance between nodes, build up a graph so you know the best way to get between points. Again he was happy, I was describing, or partially describing an actual solution. His next question was but how would I work out where to put the way point nodes, and again I just starting looking at the image, thinking about good positions for the way points, looking at the normals from each wall face, and started to see that putting way points as far away as possible from all normals had some advantages, and bit by bit came up with some sort of solution about how to do this.<p>By the end of it, there was a solution which involved preprocessing the level data offline, when the game runs using this data to move around the level, being able to handle paths becoming blocked (or new paths being opened), strategies for running this on a separate thread or CPU, asynchronous to the main game. It was demonstrating knowledge of the full pipeline for making a game from artist making levels to game running at 60Hz on a PC&#x2F;console, and also taking into account human resource, i.e. we could do things this way, which would give us a slight edge, but it would make the designers life a lot harder, so I&#x27;d probably not do that, take the performance hit, which is small and can probably be won back by the level designerse having extra time to optimize anyway.<p>I was offered the job, ultimately I had a better offer elsewhere so I didn&#x27;t take it, but for me the test made a lot of sense. My day to day job (Tech Director of a 12 man games development studio) is constantly having to solve problems which initially do not appear to have an answer. The ability to break down an issue, not panic, look from various different perspectives, build up a solution, have a good feeling for what parts of the solution are weak and need further research etc. to me makes a huge difference between an &#x27;ok&#x27; programmer&#x2F;developer and an exceptional one. I haven&#x27;t used the same test approach, but have certainly learned a lot from it when hiring people, never trying to trick interviewees, quite the opposite, trying to give them as many options as possible, and just urging them show me how they would be able to deal with day to day issues and come out on top. I certainly worry that whilst I got through, some people really would have just walked out, and in some cases you could argue those people wouldn&#x27;t work well when faced with tough problems and lots of pressure, but on the other hand, but outside of the testing environment they&#x27;d be fine. Anyway, I personally wouldn&#x27;t want to create quite as much stress&#x2F;pressure if I were to use these technique in future.
mrlycover 7 years ago
When interviewing potential employers, I ask them<p>1. Do you conduct regular peer reviews of your documentation and code?<p>2. Do you have a bug tracking system?
mratzloffover 7 years ago
I&#x27;ve accumulated so much material about interviewing I&#x27;ve thought about writing a book. No one would read it, of course, because everyone thinks they&#x27;re an expert at it already.<p>In my experience, 9 out of 10 interviewers are terrible. They come up with assumptions before talking to a candidate, then come up with even more assumptions during the interview. These assumptions are almost always unchecked, meaning that they never ask a single question to verify their guesswork.<p>Perhaps the most critical failure, which this article touches on, is that people can&#x27;t adequately describe why their hiring successes were successes and why their hiring failures were failures. If they did, they&#x27;d understand just how many of their interview process (such as it is) is a crapshoot. They have no conscious understanding of what it takes to be successful at their company, because they&#x27;ve never thought about it in any serious way.<p>They ask for code samples, but never look at them. What&#x27;s really important is that you know all of their current technologies and use them in exactly the way that they do currently. So to determine that they sometimes give out poorly-conceived coding assignments that are either testing something completely irrelevant or are so large in scope that you are basically rebuilding half their product.<p>They ghost candidates, even candidates that have gone through multiple rounds of interviews, forgetting that people who interact with their company go out into the world and form opinions and things to say about them. This is especially true of candidates who are really engaged with your company&#x27;s mission. (Besides, it&#x27;s just rude.)<p>The best predictor of future behavior is past behavior, except when being interviewed, where anything you accomplished at a previous company is viewed with the detached impatience of someone eager for you to stop talking so long so they can get to their questions. Listening to what people <i>actually</i> say, instead of just your impression of what they say, means listening to the motives, emotions, and body language surrounding what they&#x27;re saying and asking questions that get at the heart of <i>those</i>. It&#x27;s the single most effective interviewing method, but almost no one does it.<p>Because I hire others, when I am being interviewed, a popular question is &quot;How do I hire?&quot; Everyone is looking for a solution with the appearance of a rigorous methodology. If I wrote that book, I&#x27;d have to sell a snake oil solution that guarantees great hires, because no one wants to hear the reality: that it requires experience, empathy, and active listening, and there&#x27;s no one-size-fits-all solution for each person. People don&#x27;t like nuance; they want a simple, step-by-step guide, not some amorphous process that might take a lot of self-work.
dilemmaover 7 years ago
Using proxies for competence is a slippery slope towards misdirection and irrelevance - and as a result, incorrect hiring decisions.<p>In another thread today, someone mentioned they reject every CV that has two typos or more. It&#x27;s a proxy, and it is irrelevant for the job.<p>Once you start going down the path of proxies, you add more and more far removed ones. To keep hiring performance high, resist adding the first proxy. Actually ask questions relevant to past work experience that maps to the actual job. Maybe do work samples.<p>To circle back to the two questions in the blog post, no interviewer can answer them because they use proxies too far removed.
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johnpythonover 7 years ago
If there is a gross lack of diversity within your company and you routinely use &quot;culture fit&quot; as an excuse to turn down PoC candidates, what conclusion can be drawn about your organization?