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Monitoring Home Power Consumption for less than $25

409 pointsby robbiet480over 7 years ago

32 comments

linker3000over 7 years ago
* OWL power monitor with inductive clamp and separate LCD display (in the reduced bin at the local DIY barn), transmits data on 433MHz - £12<p>* Arduino Mega+ESP8266 combo board - £8<p>* Rflink Rx&#x2F;TX board - order a kit or build your own (<a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.rflink.nl&#x2F;blog2&#x2F;wiring" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.rflink.nl&#x2F;blog2&#x2F;wiring</a>) 433 or 868MHz operation, can also work with some devices at 2.4GHz - About £15<p>* Rflink software (<a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.rflink.nl&#x2F;blog2&#x2F;" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.rflink.nl&#x2F;blog2&#x2F;</a>) + Serial link software for the ESP8266 - all free.<p>* Configure the serial link software to talk to your MQTT broker (Raspberry Pi running Mosquitto and Node-Red)<p>You now have an rf receiver&#x2F;transmitter system that can not only pick up and display your energy monitor signals, but also those of many other rf devices AND can record&#x2F;re-transmit such signals too - in my case, I can get an alert when the doorbell rings + Capture shots from an IP camera, plus I can control a bunch of those cheap, remote controlled rf mains power sockets I&#x27;ve collected over the years.<p>Not as cheap as the SDR option, but with much more functionality
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SergeAxover 7 years ago
It is extremely strange they don&#x27;t use even primitive encryption. I work for Russian company &quot;Strizh Telematics&quot;, we are making smart resource meters. We take security very seriously here: all transmits are encrypted with 64 bit keys and data protocols are specifically protected from statistical and repeat-packet attacks.
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spyderover 7 years ago
<i>&quot;Some research told me that the power company accomplishes this via a simple radio broadcast on the 900Mhz spectrum.&quot;</i><p>So, will there be a website similar to flightradar24 but for meter readings on a map? :)
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Mister_Snugglesover 7 years ago
Reading this piqued my interest as this is something I’ve wanted to do ever since my local electric company started to roll out smart meters.<p>I took a look at my electric company’s web site to see what kind of meters they use and it turns out that they have already seen this need. They will enable the ZigBee module in the meters and set it up to talk to a home energy monitoring device (which you have to buy separately)[0]. The fact that this is officially sanctioned is pretty cool!<p>Once of the devices, the Rainforest Eagle, even has API documentation[1] so that you can build this type of thing, but with real-time data. The best part, from my point of view, is that they expose an API via their Cloud service AND have a local API on the device itself. It’s possible, though I have no way to know this without buying one, that you may even be able to use it completely independent of their Cloud service. So far the only limitation I’ve found while reading the docs is that you seem to need the Cloud service to configure the Push API, but I didn’t notice that limitation with the Pull API.<p>[0] <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.epcor.com&#x2F;learn&#x2F;meters&#x2F;advanced-meters&#x2F;Pages&#x2F;home-energy-monitors.aspx" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.epcor.com&#x2F;learn&#x2F;meters&#x2F;advanced-meters&#x2F;Pages&#x2F;hom...</a><p>[1] <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;rainforestautomation.com&#x2F;support&#x2F;developer&#x2F;" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;rainforestautomation.com&#x2F;support&#x2F;developer&#x2F;</a>
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cbrover 7 years ago
<p><pre><code> I am bombarded with ads on Facebook for the Sense. This device allows you to monitor whole-home power consumption. ... I realized it would be extremely simple to do something similar without any wires or hassle. </code></pre> Sense monitors two things:<p>* instantaneous current<p>* instantaneous voltage<p>Different devices have different electrical signatures, and this allows it to learn what devices you have in your house. RTL-SDR is much too low-resolution for this.<p>RTL-SDR monitoring would actually be awesome to add to Sense: the method it uses for measuring current is designed for microsecond-level accuracy, not long-term accuracy like your meter. So over time they won&#x27;t keep perfectly in sync. If Sense could automatically read your meter it could calibrate itself.
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masklinnover 7 years ago
&gt; Some research told me that the power company accomplishes this via a simple radio broadcast on the 900Mhz spectrum.<p>Interesting. Around here (mainland Europe) they&#x27;re currently installing &quot;smart&quot; meters which do this using CPL rather than radio.<p>&gt; And with one simple command, I was reading the power (and probably water) meters for my entire neighborhood<p>That is a bit troubling from a <i>physical</i> security perspective, once you&#x27;ve mapped meters to accommodation you can now remotely check for <i>presence</i> across an entire neighbourhood, and can ignore the usual &quot;fake presence&quot; indicators (randomised lighting &amp; blinds manipulation) entirely. In fact those would help you as seeing lights in a house whose owners are on holidays would not surprise the neighbours.
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icelancerover 7 years ago
&gt;&gt;I use PHP. There, I admitted it.<p>Very happy to see stuff like this in blog posts. I use it all the time to stand up scripts like this. It makes me REALLY happy to see hacky code like:<p>&gt;&gt;exec(&quot;&#x2F;scripts&#x2F;gocode&#x2F;bin&#x2F;rtlamr -msgtype={$type} --format=json --filterid={$unitid} --single=true&quot;,$output);<p>I also do this all the time, even to control Windows processes on client&#x2F;slave machines (generally killing and relaunching stalled programs).
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PostOnceover 7 years ago
Tangential, but what other fascinating things can I do with an SDR dongle? I&#x27;ve had one for years and have not heard of this.<p>* Listen to various radio stations<p>* Track airplane positions<p>* Receive weather images from a satellite<p>what else?<p>One other thing off the top of my head is combining ship position and cargo databases: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;marcdacosta&#x2F;ambient-shipping" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;marcdacosta&#x2F;ambient-shipping</a>
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jvandonselover 7 years ago
Pedantic engineering correction. The units are &quot;watt-hours&quot; or &quot;watt hours&quot;, not watt&#x2F;hours.
problemsover 7 years ago
Nice method, but for future record you don&#x27;t really need to mess with mains to hook up Sense or OpenEnergyMonitor, they use inductive current clamps which work by detecting the field around the a single terminal of your incoming mains. Pretty much as safe as it gets with this stuff.
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disillusionedover 7 years ago
This is neat. I had vaguely heard of the RTL-SDR, but this is a cool example of a potential application.<p>A few points of note:<p>The author starts off by discussing how the Sense energy monitor piqued his interest, but he didn&#x27;t want to go through the trouble of installing it. My understanding is that Sense offers granular usage data down to the appliance level, which reading polled usage off the meter simply won&#x27;t do. So this isn&#x27;t a solution that replaces what Sense offers.<p>And... doesn&#x27;t your power company already offer you this data? APS here in Arizona does, down to the hour, with the ability to easily export as CSV. But I&#x27;m sure plenty of utilities don&#x27;t offer that, and this is a cool way to read it.
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alkonautover 7 years ago
Is it really required to actually read currents to achieve the power measurement? do meters in individual buildings not have interval-flashing LED&#x27;s for power consumption in the US (I&#x27;m assuming the target market is the US)?<p>A flashing LED is neat because you can then use a very simple-to-install adhesive photodiode to count the flashes and radio the results back to some reader (e.g. 1000 impulses per kWh). Doesn&#x27;t require an electrician because you never actually tamper with the meter, unless you want to leech a tiny bit of power to your transmitter.<p>The normal connection here is a big outdoor box for the incoming line, with 3 main fuses, one for each phase. Typically 3x25A @ 230V for a detached home (Max ~17kW). This is where you want to read the power consumption. Inside the house there is a box with 3 DIN rails (1 per phase) with switch type fuses. With 3 phases it&#x27;s a lot harder to read the power consumption there than it is at the outside main fuse box (which is unfortunate, because it&#x27;s a lot more convenient to mount a meter indoors and near a wall socket, than outside inside a thick steel box without easily accessible power for your power meter+radio).
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raesene9over 7 years ago
In the UK I just use one of these <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;loopenergysaver.com&#x2F;" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;loopenergysaver.com&#x2F;</a><p>You connect the reader around the mains supply cable, plug the other end into an Ethernet port and it works. No monthly subscription charges, just the initial cost of the device which is £60 at the moment.<p>Not the most high tech solution but seems to work pretty reliably
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daenneyover 7 years ago
I do something similar at home. However, the meter in my house has a LED that blinks per Wh used, so all I did is put something light sensitive on top of it, wire it to a tiny board of your choice (GPIO on a Raspberry Pi in this case) and then export the data from there. I run a tiny Prometheus exporter on that same Pi which gets scraped and everything neatly shows up in Grafana.<p>For other devices I use Z-wave powered sockets which do power metering, which is exposed by another Prometheus exporter. Since those Z-Wave sockets can be on the expensive side I only really use them in places I want to meassure, like my desk (which has laptop, screen etc.) or the TV.
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edejongover 7 years ago
Since the transmission is not authenticated, I wonder if it is possible the shield or interfere with your own transmission and broadcast a fake report instead.
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aequitasover 7 years ago
&quot;I&#x27;m not going to lie. It felt weird polling the meter readings for the entire neighborhood.&quot;<p>Yikes, and I though we had it bad here in the Netherlands where you explicitly needed to opt-out of your power supplier being able to read your meter.<p>At least here it is ordered that if these newer &#x27;smart meters&#x27; are to be installed they always need to include a &#x27;P1 port&#x27; which allows the home owner to simply read out the metrics every 10 seconds using a serial device.
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tasty_freezeover 7 years ago
I have five or six different RTL-SDR dongles that are looking for something to do, so I am interested in this project. But it seems that I have to install a GO ecosystem on my computer in order to compile and run the program. That is a step too far for me in order to just kick the tires.<p>Does anyone know of a prebuilt windows binary for this? (I have always heard that is one of the strengths of GO -- it produces a simple standalone binary)<p>[edit: I&#x27;m really referring to rtlamr, not the project described in the post. first I would want to get rtlamr running before attempting to get the datebase &#x2F; presentation program running]
chiefalchemistover 7 years ago
Correct me if I&#x27;m wrong but open (read: unencrypted) radio signals across public airways are not subject to any sort of protection under the law. Point being, the police could do this legally.
spegelrefover 7 years ago
On the part where the author went on finding his own meter, couldn&#x27;t one put a enclosing metal mesh cage around the meter and put an antenna inside this cage?
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kpilover 7 years ago
I can get all my data from my power company. There is a webpage with realtime statistics and supposedly there&#x27;s an API that I never tried.
yummybearover 7 years ago
I would think it would be a bit of a security hole to have anyone read your meter. You&#x27;d easily be able to determine who is on vacation for instance. I&#x27;m guessing you might also be able to deduce a lot of information such as bedtimes, when you are doing laundry, when you leave for work, etc.
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myrandomcommentover 7 years ago
My first thought was this is cool. Second, I should do this also. Third, hey I can just login to PGE and see this data already, dang it, abort. :) They cannot keep the power on in the slightest wind storm, but at least I know how much power I am not using at that time.
cappie013over 7 years ago
In Australia we don&#x27;t need that: our electricity suppliers give that info on their website :)
dmateosover 7 years ago
Useful for finding the 12&#x2F;12 or 18&#x2F;6 pattern spikes of a weed grow house also.. `
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collinmandersonover 7 years ago
I&#x27;m late to the discussion, but I&#x27;ve been monitoring via RTL-SDR and rtlamr for over a year, so I figure I should weigh in. In general it was super easy to do.<p>- First, check to be sure your meter is compatible. (My gas and electric are both Itron) <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;bemasher&#x2F;rtlamr&#x2F;blob&#x2F;master&#x2F;meters.csv" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;bemasher&#x2F;rtlamr&#x2F;blob&#x2F;master&#x2F;meters.csv</a> I recommend taking a photo of your meter. (helpful for reference and comparing numbers)<p>- Next buy the antenna and dongle. Probably obvious, but I tried buying one with out the antenna and it wasn&#x27;t good enough, so I had to modify an old wifi router antenna to make it work. I just searched amazon for rtl-sdr.<p>- Once it arrives, plug it in and install the rtlsdr software&#x2F;driver. I think this may have involved installing a kernel module, but I didn&#x27;t run into any trouble on linux. (I used pre-compiled binaries for my old 64-bit laptop running Ubuntu 16.04) You can test things by picking up fm radio via rtl_fm.<p>- Next, install golang, and &quot;go get rtlamr&quot;.<p>- To monitor, you first start rtl_tcp and let it run in the background, and then run rtlamr which connects (via tcp) to rtl_tcp to tune the device and get raw output.<p>- The dongle can get pretty warm&#x2F;hot.<p>- My meter has the meter number printed right underneath a big barcode. The first two digits are 12 or 05 for the meter type. I found this to be a pretty easy way to find the meter.<p>- My meter broadcasts two extra decimal places, so if the meter display says 123456 kwh, it actually broadcasts 12345678 (I appreciate the extra precision). When processing things, I just add a 0 on the end to make it watt-hours. (This is true for gas too.)<p>- I get a reading from my power meter every few seconds. About once a minute for gas.<p>- I log all of my meter readings and append to a giant ~700mb CSV file.<p>- I have a once-a-minute cron job that computes per-minute usage for the last 48 hours. (I save that to a static file and then graph using nginx + javascript. I started out by graphing using excel&#x2F;numbers)<p>- I also have a daily cron job that computers per-day usage going back to October 2016.<p>I keep rtlamr and rtl_tcp running using systemd. The rtlamr command I use is: &#x2F;home&#x2F;collin&#x2F;bin&#x2F;rtlamr -filterid=543xxxxx,490xxxxx -format=csv -quiet &gt;&gt; &#x2F;home&#x2F;collin&#x2F;data.csv
heywireover 7 years ago
rtlamr is awesome. I use it to monitor my gas meter (which is going crazy lately with the low temps here in Ohio).<p>I had started a project [1] to read my water and electric meters, but just about the time I started figuring out the protocol, they upgraded the firmware and turned on encryption. Luckily the encryption seems to only affect the power meter, as I am still able to read the water meter (though I’m not sure how long that will last)<p>[1] <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;shaunhey&#x2F;ea_receiver" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;shaunhey&#x2F;ea_receiver</a>
inglorover 7 years ago
It&#x27;s weird that he didn&#x27;t give the ELK stack a chance. Kibana would be awesome at graphing this and data ingestion would also be very simple.<p>Very useful for automatically generating graphs based on data. Would have automated the whole &quot;writing PHP + jQuery + SQLITE3&quot; part entirely - and consume the JSON directly and created visualizations based on that.
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tzsover 7 years ago
How does the power company actually get the information transmitted by the meter?<p>One of the articles the author links to says that it is collected by the power company sending someone with an appropriate receiver to drive around collecting the data.<p>However, my power company website lets you look up your usage on their website, and that is updated daily which makes me seriously doubt that there are any manual steps in its collection. In particular, it gets read on those occasions every few years when we get enough snow to close down traffic on side streets like mine.<p>My meter is at least 11 years, and appears quite old fashioned--it&#x27;s got the spinning disc to show instantaneous usage and analog dials to display the cumulative usage.<p>I&#x27;m not actually sure that my meter has remote read capability. I read somewhere that some power companies add remote reading to older installations by putting something on the pole where the lines to a particular house branch off.<p>There are some mysterious signals in the 900 MHz neighborhood that show up on my SDR. I&#x27;ve seen them at 929.616, 929.664, 929.940, 931.066, 931.216, 931.865, and 931.942 MHz, and have not been able to figure out what they are from. Mostly, they consist of periodical short (about 1 second) bursts of something digital followed a few seconds later by a longer burst (several seconds), then silence for maybe a minute, and then repeat.<p>Some seemed to be in pairs, where one would send a short burst, then another would send a long burst. I suspected that this may have been my &quot;Weather Channel&quot; weather meter, which has an outdoor sensor and an indoor display, and operates in the 900 MHz area. I suspected the short burst was the indoor unit asking the sensor for a report, and the sensor responding. I ruled that out, though, by taking the batteries out of the indoor unit and seeing no change in the signal pair.<p>It&#x27;s been a while since I looked at these, and so I took another look--and now I don&#x27;t see that apparent pair. I&#x27;m not thinking that that one wasn&#x27;t two things talking to each other, but two separate things that just happened to have their reports lined up so that it looked like they were talking to each other.<p>I had guessed that they might be power meters, but I have not been able to find anything that looks like it could be the receiver for them. I don&#x27;t see anything on the poles around here other than the usual transformers, and we don&#x27;t have any evident equipment pedestals. The signals don&#x27;t seem very strong, so I&#x27;ve been assuming that whatever they are talking to cannot be far away. That made power meters seem less likely.
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eltoozeroover 7 years ago
Excellent, I was about to go the route of reading the led flashes with some kind of sensor but I was reminded that anything touching the meter can be considered meter tampering in the US which is a crime...yikes.<p>Thankfully passively decoding its RF emissions from the garage isn’t illegal yet!<p>So HN, which SDR dongle should I buy?
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qaqover 7 years ago
I wonder if there are people who abuse this to reduce their bill or to run up someone else&#x27;s bill.
yeswecatanover 7 years ago
I&#x27;m not familiar with the RTL-SDR. Why would one use that to monitor temperature&#x2F;humidity over something like an arduino + sensors?
JSONwebtokenover 7 years ago
I hadn&#x27;t heard of the company Sense before I read about this blog. I looked up their product... 300 bucks, are you kidding me? And it requires licensed installation on top of that, so maybe even more in labor. Who&#x27;s buying this stuff and how is their margin defensible from Tesla or somebody selling Raspberry Pi kits for $25?
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