As is typical of these types of headlines, the answer is no.<p>The phones in China will download a list of URLs from Tencent, phones in the US will get it from Google. When you connect to any server, they may (and probably do) log your originating IP.<p>Your browsing habits are not shared at all. Safe Browsing is performed on the device itself.
Perhaps I'm just cynical but I assumed this was happening. My curiosity is what the Chinese hope to learn from whatever info they are getting from my phone.