XML Is Not Injective

I think there might be an error in the examples as the second example does not have a single root element.<p>If you need to spot an array vs an element, you have to use a container tag to express it. This is the same structure as is needed to encode algebraic data types.<p><pre><code> element: &lt;a&gt;b0&lt;&#x2F;a&gt; array of two elements: &lt;array&gt;&lt;a&gt;b0&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;&lt;a&gt;b1&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;&lt;&#x2F;array&gt; array of one element: &lt;array&gt;&lt;a&gt;b0&lt;&#x2F;a&gt;&lt;&#x2F;array&gt;</code></pre>

This seems like a misunderstanding of XML. XML has no built in concept of arrays or properties. This is a problem with your application of XML, not XML itself.