Ugh, this article is full of misconceptions about quantum mechanics.<p>Particle wave duality: Particles are not either particles or waves depending on how you measure them. A more accurate description might be quantized waves, but really calling an electron a particle or a wave is applying a faulty analogy to them.<p>This experiment will prove something new about entanglement: Scientists have already sent entangled photons and demonstrated quantum cryptography over long distances through the air. 144 km is the current record.(<a href="http://lanl.arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0607182" rel="nofollow">http://lanl.arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0607182</a>)<p>Quantum cryptography will make things more secure: Public key encryption is actually really good and you can make things arbitrary secure by changing the key length used (You can make accurate predictions about how long and how much money it will cost to break a given key length). People talk about quantum computing blowing open public key encryption, but in reality that just isn't going to happen. (see <a href="http://www.emergentchaos.com/archives/2008/03/quantum_progress.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.emergentchaos.com/archives/2008/03/quantum_progre...</a> for a good discussion of that). Quantum cryptography also has a ton of other practical limitations which means it will probably only be used by people who don't understand public key encryption (right now there is no known way to route photons or repeat them so not only are you limited on distance but you have to trust every node that the message passes through for the actual communication to be secure).
I think the wave particle analogy problem is simply that we've reached a scale where the physical properties of the universe don't necessarily have human scale analogues. It is impossible for us to visualize things that can't exist at our scale.
I think a sentient intelligence that lived at the scale of photons would be equally confused by our concept of waves.