Such transitions translate quite poorly to e-ink devices, which have a limited pallet (1--16 greyscale shades, typically, or a desaturated colour palette), and high refresh times, from 0.25 to 4 seconds, depending on devices (most seem to accomplish 0.5 -- 1s at higher-quality modes, which includes colour).<p>Because of falling prices, improved battery life from e-ink displays, bright-light viewing advantage, and an increasing backlash to dopaminergic Web and app design, e-ink is seeing increasing appeal and use.<p>Oddly, what most suits e-ink devices is literal <i>page-based navigation</i>. Not scrolling, not pop-ups, not slides, not animation, but a full-page transition from previous to subsequent state, much as one would turn the page of a book. The limitations and ambiguities of scroll-based navigation in particular are addressed by this.<p>Pop-up elements are a possible exception to a full-page transition, as many e-ink devices can repaint <i>portions</i> of the screen. But even here, the less animation the better, and the key issue is to clearly indicate <i>that</i> a pop-up has occurred, and <i>where</i> it is, usually by clearly indicating both borders and any interactive elements of the pop-up itself. (Memo to designers: "flat" and low-contrast design fail at this tremendously.)