Algorithmic bias is a well-known and widely-studied phenomenon. At least as far back as the early 2000s, researchers were publishing about it. Perhaps something that should be required reading for programmers.<p>Picturing algorithmic surveillance: the politics of facial recognition systems <a href="https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/20067" rel="nofollow">https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/20067</a><p>The Hidden Biases in Big Data <a href="https://hbr.org/2013/04/the-hidden-biases-in-big-data" rel="nofollow">https://hbr.org/2013/04/the-hidden-biases-in-big-data</a><p>Police are using software to predict crime. Is it a ‘holy grail’ or biased against minorities? <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/police-are-using-software-to-predict-crime-is-it-a-holy-grail-or-biased-against-minorities/2016/11/17/525a6649-0472-440a-aae1-b283aa8e5de8_story.html" rel="nofollow">https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/police-ar...</a><p>Automating Judicial Discretion: How Algorithmic Risk Assessments in Pretrial Adjudications Violate Equal Protection Rights on the Basis of Race <a href="https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1680&context=lawineq" rel="nofollow">https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=...</a><p>How We Analyzed the COMPAS Recidivism Algorithm <a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/how-we-analyzed-the-compas-recidivism-algorithm" rel="nofollow">https://www.propublica.org/article/how-we-analyzed-the-compa...</a>