Summary: The transparency of ocular media offers a unique opportunity for direct visualisation of the microvascular circulation, and recent advances in optical coherence tomography (OCT) have enabled high-resolution identification of specific retinal cell layers, as well as deeper structures such as the choroid, in a way only previously possible histologically.<p>In a study published in Nature Communications (<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-43125-1" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-43125-1</a>), the researchers investigated the potential of OCT in a series of prospective studies of patients with pre-dialysis CKD (including those with a kidney transplant), patients with kidney failure undergoing kidney transplantation, living kidney donors, and healthy volunteers, involving almost 300 participants overall.