It's fun to test the boundaries of github's services, but if you're doing something useful I'd just hire a vps, they can be had from $5 a month. You could still upload the sqlite file to github via a check-in.
Presumably you can bypass the artifact retention limit by uploading them as release artifacts (which are retained forever) rather than job artifacts.<p>(Not that I’d advocate for this in general, since ultimately you’re duplicating a bunch of data and will eventually catch the eye of some GitHub compliance script.)