Quick sum up as the article is behind a paywall:<p>1/ The study is based on an analysis of genetic diversity to estimate the whole population size as well as contact with people foreign to the island.
2/ The population collapse seem to have appeared much later than thought. Following contacts "westerners" in the 19th century.<p>Nature link to the full publication:
<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07881-4" rel="nofollow">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07881-4</a>