TLDR:<p>"Takeaway for practice: Quantifying pedestrian crossing distance at the scale of entire municipalities empowers transportation planners to identify pedestrian-hostile crossings(individuals and clusters), add context to collision trends, and geographically target locations for traffic calming.<p>These cases collectively demonstrate how the increasing prioritization of the automobile in city planning quantitatively changes (and degrades) the pedestrian environment, as well as how low-tech investments, such as sidewalk extensions and refuge islands, can mitigate these trends."