<a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35366971">https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35366971</a><p>Tipler's Omega Point cosmology:<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_J._Tipler#The_Omega_Point" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_J._Tipler#The_Omega_Poin...</a><p>>The Omega Point cosmology<p>>The Omega Point is a term Tipler uses to describe a cosmological state in the distant proper-time future of the universe.[6] He claims that this point is required to exist due to the laws of physics. According to him, it is required, for the known laws of physics to be consistent, that intelligent life take over all matter in the universe and eventually force its collapse. During that collapse, the computational capacity of the universe diverges to infinity, and environments emulated with that computational capacity last for an infinite duration as the universe attains a cosmological singularity. This singularity is Tipler's Omega Point.[7] With computational resources diverging to infinity, Tipler states that a society in the far future would be able to resurrect the dead by emulating alternative universes.[8] Tipler identifies the Omega Point with God, since, in his view, the Omega Point has all the properties of God claimed by most traditional religions.[8][9]<p>>Tipler's argument of the omega point being required by the laws of physics is a more recent development that arose after the publication of his 1994 book The Physics of Immortality. In that book (and in papers he had published up to that time), Tipler had offered the Omega Point cosmology as a hypothesis, while still claiming to confine the analysis to the known laws of physics.[10]<p>>Tipler, along with co-author physicist John D. Barrow, defined the "final anthropic principle" (FAP) in their 1986 book The Anthropic Cosmological Principle as a generalization of the anthropic principle:<p>>Intelligent information-processing must come into existence in the Universe, and, once it comes into existence, will never die out.[11]<p>>One paraphrasing of Tipler's argument for FAP runs as follows: For the universe to physically exist, it must contain living observers. Our universe obviously exists. There must be an "Omega Point" that sustains life forever.[12]<p>>Tipler purportedly used Dyson's eternal intelligence hypothesis to back up his arguments.<p>Cellular Automata Machines: A New Environment for Modeling:<p><a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30735397">https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30735397</a><p>>It's also very useful for understanding other massively distributed locally interacting parallel systems, epidemiology, economics, morphogenesis (reaction-diffusion systems, like how a fertilized egg divides and specializes into an organism), GPU programming and optimization, neural networks and machine learning, information and chaos theory, and physics itself.<p>>I've discussed the book and the code I wrote based on it with Norm Margolus, one of the authors, and he mentioned that he really likes rules that are based on simulating physics, and also thinks reversible cellular automata rules are extremely important (and energy efficient in a big way, in how they relate to physics and thermodynamics).<p>>The book has interesting sections about physical simulations like spin glasses (Ising Spin model of the magnetic state of atoms of solid matter), and reversible billiard ball simulations (like deterministic reversible "smoke and mirrors" with clouds of moving particles bouncing off of pinball bumpers and each other).<p>Spin Glass:<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_glass" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_glass</a><p>>In condensed matter physics, a spin glass is a magnetic state characterized by randomness, besides cooperative behavior in freezing of spins at a temperature called 'freezing temperature' Tf. Magnetic spins are, roughly speaking, the orientation of the north and south magnetic poles in three-dimensional space. In ferromagnetic solids, component atoms' magnetic spins all align in the same direction. Spin glass when contrasted with a ferromagnet is defined as "disordered" magnetic state in which spins are aligned randomly or not with a regular pattern and the couplings too are random.<p>Billiard Ball Computer:<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billiard-ball_computer" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billiard-ball_computer</a><p>>A billiard-ball computer, a type of conservative logic circuit, is an idealized model of a reversible mechanical computer based on Newtonian dynamics, proposed in 1982 by Edward Fredkin and Tommaso Toffoli. Instead of using electronic signals like a conventional computer, it relies on the motion of spherical billiard balls in a friction-free environment made of buffers against which the balls bounce perfectly. It was devised to investigate the relation between computation and reversible processes in physics.<p>Reversible Cellular Automata:<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reversible_cellular_automaton" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reversible_cellular_automaton</a><p>>A reversible cellular automaton is a cellular automaton in which every configuration has a unique predecessor. That is, it is a regular grid of cells, each containing a state drawn from a finite set of states, with a rule for updating all cells simultaneously based on the states of their neighbors, such that the previous state of any cell before an update can be determined uniquely from the updated states of all the cells. The time-reversed dynamics of a reversible cellular automaton can always be described by another cellular automaton rule, possibly on a much larger neighborhood.<p>>[...] Reversible cellular automata form a natural model of reversible computing, a technology that could lead to ultra-low-power computing devices. Quantum cellular automata, one way of performing computations using the principles of quantum mechanics, are often required to be reversible. Additionally, many problems in physical modeling, such as the motion of particles in an ideal gas or the Ising model of alignment of magnetic charges, are naturally reversible and can be simulated by reversible cellular automata.<p>Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata: John von Neumann's Quantum Mechanical Universal Constructors:<p><a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22738268">https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22738268</a><p>[...] Third, the probabilistic quantum mechanical kind, which could mutate and model evolutionary processes, and rip holes in the space-time continuum, which he unfortunately (or fortunately, the the sake of humanity) didn't have time to fully explore before his tragic death.<p>>p. 99 of "Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata":<p>>Von Neumann had been interested in the applications of probability theory throughout his career; his work on the foundations of quantum mechanics and his theory of games are examples. When he became interested in automata, it was natural for him to apply probability theory here also. The Third Lecture of Part I of the present work is devoted to this subject. His "Probabilistic Logics and the Synthesis of Reliable Organisms from Unreliable Components" is the first work on probabilistic automata, that is, automata in which the transitions between states are probabilistic rather than deterministic. Whenever he discussed self-reproduction, he mentioned mutations, which are random changes of elements (cf. p. 86 above and Sec. 1.7.4.2 below). In Section 1.1.2.1 above and Section 1.8 below he posed the problems of modeling evolutionary processes in the framework of automata theory, of quantizing natural selection, and of explaining how highly efficient, complex, powerful automata can evolve from inefficient, simple, weak automata. A complete solution to these problems would give us a probabilistic model of self-reproduction and evolution. [9]<p>[9] For some related work, see J. H. Holland, "Outline for a Logical Theory of Adaptive Systems", and "Concerning Efficient Adaptive Systems".<p><a href="https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/association-for-computing-machinery/outline-for-a-logical-theory-of-adaptive-systems-efsWyqMa1l" rel="nofollow">https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/association-for-computing-machin...</a><p><a href="https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/5578/bac4296.0001.001.pdf?sequence=5" rel="nofollow">https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/5578...</a><p><a href="https://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/10841" rel="nofollow">https://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/10841</a><p>perl4ever on Dec 26, 2017 | root | parent | next [–]<p>Tipler's Omega Point prediction doesn't seem like it would be compatible with the expanding universe, would it? Eventually everything will disappear over the speed-of-light horizon, and then it can't be integrated into one mind.<p>DonHopkins on Dec 26, 2017 | root | parent | next [–]<p>It also wishfully assumes that the one mind can't think of better things to do with its infinite amount of cloud computing power than to simulate one particular stone age mythology.<p>Then again, maybe it's something like the 1996 LucasArts game Afterlife, where you simulate every different religion's version of heaven and hell at once.<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterlife_(video_game)" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterlife_(video_game)</a><p>The primary goal of the game is to provide divine and infernal services for the inhabitants of the afterlife. This afterlife caters to one particular planet, known simply as the Planet. The creatures living on the Planet are called EMBOs, or Ethically Mature Biological Organisms. When an EMBO dies, its soul travels to the afterlife where it attempts to find an appropriate "fate structure". Fate structures are places where souls are rewarded or punished, as appropriate, for the virtues or sins that they practiced while they were alive.