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Why Cars Will Kill 30,000 Americans This Year

166 pointsby ssprangabout 11 years ago

20 comments

grellasabout 11 years ago
As the article points out, &quot;auto safety&quot; itself has had a huge push from consumer advocates at least since Ralph Nader highlighted the risks of car design defects in the 1960s.<p>That said, a few points about the law and auto safety:<p>1. U.S. law is tied to individual responsibility for conduct that is wrongful. As the auto industry developed over the past century, that meant that those who sought to drive by what the law declared to be the rules of the road were deemed to have done something wrong only if they failed to meet a reasonable standard of care in driving - that is, if they were negligent, careless, inexcusably inattentive, or otherwise failed to exercise a sufficient degree of caution that they created safety risks to others owing to their manner of driving. Breaking rules (e.g., speeding, driving the wrong way on a one-way street, and like items) constituted one such failure to exercise proper caution. In such cases, the law developed so as to hold such drivers responsible for damages in civil proceedings for the what the law called the &quot;tort&quot; of negligence. A tort is a civil wrong by which the actor committing the tort (&quot;tortfeasor&quot;) is responsible to pay in damages for all harm caused by his tortious activity. In layman&#x27;s terms involving cars, this generally means careless conduct. If the degree of wrongdoing is more egregious than mere carelessness, as for example when teenagers in the 1950s used to drag race through city streets in a way that constituted reckless conduct (that is, conduct by which the wrongdoer deliberately does things that have a high risk of endangering public safety), the consequence of this to the wrongdoer is also a civil wrong for which damages will lie but it is also (usually) defined as a criminal act by which the person can be prosecuted, fined, or jailed as a consequence of such actions. As the intent to harm increases even further, such as an act by which someone deliberately seeks to inflict harm on another while using a car as an instrument of harm, this can constitute a serious crime such as murder (for example, when someone deliberately drives at high speed into a crowd of people and does so with intent to harm or kill others).<p>2. Underlying the system of law that has developed around accountability for auto-related collisions, fatalities, etc. is a social policy judgment that sees automobiles as a positive good for society. The article notes that such social policy judgments were made over the years more and more in favor of promoting more expansive use of the automobile at the expense of pedestrians and mass transit riders who might also use the roads, especially in urban environments. This undoubtedly happened, though it is a dubious assertion to say that some sort of sinister forces (&quot;Motordom&quot; is the term used in the article) made this happen in some way that somehow overrode the will of ordinary people. I am old enough to remember as a kid how people perceived automobiles in, say, the late 1950s, and there is no doubt from my personal recollection that average people rejoiced and celebrated ever-increasing uses of the high-speed automobile, cheered on the National Highway Act by which old two-lane state roads were sent into relative disuse through the creation of a vast network of interstate freeways, and, as a matter of culture, broadly celebrated what was called the &quot;car culture.&quot; Even dissidents of the time, such as Jack Kerouac, though a counter-culture figure of his time, broadly promoted the idea of freedom in driving the open road. If anyone in that era would have suggested that cars be shut down or limited in favor of bikes, they would have been laughed at by the average person. Such ideas were basically considered crank ideas and had no form of popular support whatever. Therefore, it did not take a secret plot by General Motors (or whomever) to get people to push widespread auto use. People <i>wanted</i> to get away from cities generally, <i>wanted</i> to live in the suburbs that were growing rapidly at the time, and <i>wanted</i> the freedom to use cars to get around whenever and wherever they wanted with limited restrictions other than having to obey the rules of the road. Yes, individual cities deployed mass transit with varying degrees of widespread use but these were limited to a few highly localized areas. People generally wanted cars, and mainly cars, to get around.<p>3. So, coming to the themes of this piece, &quot;auto safety&quot; is one such theme and the idea of the automobile being inherently &quot;murderous&quot; certainly tries to highlight this theme. Yet I would say the broader theme is actually more one of saying that the rules of the road should be rewritten to strike a different social policy judgment about how roads are used. It is nowhere stated in the article, but is strongly implied, that perhaps drivers of automobiles should be subjected to stronger legal consequences than those currently existing in the event they collide with others in using a road. Given that we are here in the realm of social policy, and not existing law, this could mean almost anything. For example, it could mean strict liability for damages if you hit someone using a car, no matter what the circumstances and regardless of what the law now calls &quot;fault.&quot; This is what happened to the law in other areas over recent decades, most notably with the expansion of strict product liability law by which manufactures (who at one time could be held liable for injuries resulting from use of their products only if the injured party could show that the manufacturer was negligent or otherwise at &quot;fault&quot; in making the product) had their liabilities dramatically broadened if injuries resulted from use of their products. As the law evolved in that area, the courts and legislatures eventually determined that manufacturers should be held liable regardless of fault if their products could be shown to have inherent &quot;defects&quot; (broadly defined). This led to a huge expansion of liability for manufacturing such products and, for example, pretty much decimated certain industries such as manufacturers of small aircraft. As a matter of social policy, the same could be done with the idea of driving an automobile. Courts and legislatures could determine that it is socially desirable that drivers be held strictly liable regardless of fault because this would promote greater driver safety and would also strike a balance in shared road usage that favors pedestrians and others more than drivers. They could also define as a crime any collision by which a motorist acts carelessly in a way that results in death or injury. They could impose strict penalties, such as losing the right to drive upon the occurrence of even one such event. This sort of change - or any other like it - would have <i>huge</i> social consequences for the vast majority of primarily suburban drivers who do in fact continue to value having the ability to drive freely about as their primary means of transportation. Young people flocking to cities in favor of &quot;upscale urban lifestyles&quot; (and others who have a particular viewpoint, in the case of such young people in favor of mass transit over cars) may see the issue differently. But the law ultimately is driven by the average people who elect politicians, etc. and I would suspect will be slow to change in this respect.<p>4. The article also expresses concern about high speeds and about drivers themselves being at risk of death or serious injury in driving the so-called murderous machines. While it is true that high speeds clearly enlarge such risks, it is a bit disingenuous to claim this as a primary concern while simultaneously forcing cars to be made smaller and smaller out of concern for increasing car mileage per gallon and promoting environmental goals. In modern public policy making, the same people who try to flog the auto companies for endangering drivers for this or that reason are often the first to decree that cars be made smaller and smaller even though this might create increasing safety risks to drivers who wind up in accidents. Again, this is a matter of social policy, and there are lots of arguments for why smaller cars promote broader social goals, but I rarely hear the people insisting on smaller cars acknowledge that an inherent by-product of this is to increase safety risks in case of collision (perhaps I am wrong on this point but I am going from memory in saying that this is indeed a known consequence of shrinking the car size).<p>The real battle here is over a strong push to have the law conform to the modern urban trends favoring bike riders, transit riders, and pedestrians over automobiles. That issue should be addressed head on by assessing not only the potential benefits of limiting auto use but also the social costs (which I believe could be substantial). The article does not do that and is flawed because of this, notwithstanding its (many) interesting points made along the way.
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tokenadultabout 11 years ago
The death rate per miles driven in the United States has fallen dramatically in my lifetime, and I can remember when the annual number of deaths was much higher.[1] That said, the article makes a very interesting claim about attitudes that we should all follow to the end of the article for further discussion here: &quot;There’s an open secret in America: If you want to kill someone, do it with a car. As long as you’re sober, chances are you’ll never be charged with any crime, much less manslaughter.&quot; My wife bike-commutes year-round (yes, even in Minnesota), and as I mention this among Facebook friends, other friends who are also bike commuters point out that car drivers can basically kill bicyclists in the United States with no legal penalty at all. That&#x27;s not a good social environment for getting more people out for exercise and energy conservation by substituting bicycling for driving cars.<p>The history reported in this article is very interesting. There are a lot of contemporary photographs of changing American cities. The quotations from experts provide perspective on the visuals: &quot;&#x27;If a kid is hit in a street in 2014, I think our first reaction would be to ask, &quot;What parent is so neglectful that they let their child play in the street?,&quot;&#x27; says Norton.<p>&quot;&#x27;In 1914, it was pretty much the opposite. It was more like, &quot;What evil bastard would drive their speeding car where a kid might be playing?&quot; That tells us how much our outlook on the public street has changed.&quot;<p>Indeed. Are we really thinking carefully about how to spread the risk around, when so much of our living space is dominated by cars?<p>AFTER EDIT: The video link shared by pugz[2] in a reply comment elsewhere in this thread is not to be missed. Car safety standards have improved enormously in my lifetime, but those protect the occupants of cars better than they protect pedestrians and bicyclists who are hit by cars.<p>[1] <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_motor_vehicle_deaths_in_U.S._by_year#Motor_vehicle_deaths_in_U.S._by_year" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;List_of_motor_vehicle_deaths_i...</a><p>[2] <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPF4fBGNK0U" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.youtube.com&#x2F;watch?v=fPF4fBGNK0U</a>
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trothamelabout 11 years ago
In 2004, 42,836 Americans were killed in motor vehicle accidents. So this number actually represents a huge improvement.<p>Something to realize is that potential replacements to cars are not that much safer. Highway travel is responsible for 7.7 deaths per billion passenger-miles. Mass transit is responsible for 5.4 deaths per billion passenger-miles. Given the less-direct routings used by transit, it&#x27;s not totally clear this is a meaningful difference.<p>All of this sucks - but it&#x27;s the price we pay for being able to move a long distance quickly, something that seems to be a net benefit to society. (How many lives are saved by ambulances each year? How about by being able to easily visit a doctor?)<p>These are all statistics for the US in 2011. Sources are:<p><a href="http://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/sites/rita.dot.gov.bts/files/publications/national_transportation_statistics/html/table_01_40.html" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.rita.dot.gov&#x2F;bts&#x2F;sites&#x2F;rita.dot.gov.bts&#x2F;files&#x2F;pub...</a> <a href="http://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/sites/rita.dot.gov.bts/files/publications/national_transportation_statistics/html/table_02_17.html" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.rita.dot.gov&#x2F;bts&#x2F;sites&#x2F;rita.dot.gov.bts&#x2F;files&#x2F;pub...</a> <a href="http://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/sites/rita.dot.gov.bts/files/publications/national_transportation_statistics/html/table_02_32.html" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.rita.dot.gov&#x2F;bts&#x2F;sites&#x2F;rita.dot.gov.bts&#x2F;files&#x2F;pub...</a>
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AnimalMuppetabout 11 years ago
&quot;Murder Machines&quot;? Come on. Not all deaths are murder.<p>We Americans have this idea that nothing bad should ever happen, that we should find a way to prevent it. It&#x27;s a goal to shoot for, certainly. But calling it murder if you don&#x27;t reach that goal? No.<p>Can we climb down from the overheated rhetoric? It smells like propaganda.
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kibaabout 11 years ago
It&#x27;s such a shame. The automobile is built as a requirement to live in society rather than something that complement and argumented our lifestyle.
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kristianpabout 11 years ago
No mention of present and future automation options that increase the safety of cars? On hacker news?<p><pre><code> Reversing sensors Automatic braking at low speed to prevent collisions Driverless cars. </code></pre> For me, these features can&#x27;t come fast enough. They should be phased into being mandatory too.
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dxbydtabout 11 years ago
What happened to those concept cars that were encased in rubber&#x2F;(or some other bouncy material) so when they bumped against each other, they would harmlessly bounce off ? I distinctly remember reading about them in Wired some years back.
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sologoubabout 11 years ago
The dedicated bike lane is surely a great invention, but the implementation is often luck-luster and I think causes more harm than good.<p>Santa Monica probably has more good bike lanes than most other US cities, but I am terrified to even try the new on 28th leading from Ocean Park to Pico and beyond to Olympic. They basically took a narrow street and tried to leave space for parking and add a bike lane on top of that. As a result, most SUVs or wider cars don&#x27;t fit into the designated lanes.<p>As the result, they either try to leave room for bicycles and drive slightly over the center or in the bike lane. If they try the former, they end up swerving violently into the bike lane to avoid on-coming traffic, so I don&#x27;t know which is worse.<p>If the bike lanes were actually well implemented the entire way to the office, I would leave my car parked most days... as it stands now, that&#x27;s not happening any time soon.
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clienthunterabout 11 years ago
&gt; In contrast, traffic fatalities in countries like the United Kingdom, where drivers are uniformly viewed as the greatest danger on streets, are about a third of U.S. rates.<p>Britain here.<p>This is absolutely false. We uniformly view <i>cyclists</i> as the greatest danger on the streets. No joke, ask around.<p>I would suggest the reason for our better stats is down to a) a bloody difficult driving test; b) the thing inside a lot of us that makes the nervous&#x2F;apologetic stereotype <i>actually be true</i> also makes a lot of us quite risk averse and cautious; c) drink driving is a big no-no with very practical consequences near 100% of the time; d) education of how to cross a road starts at a <i>very</i> young age, the result being no jaywalking laws required and watching people cross busy, fast moving roads in cities looks like doing the same in some developing country except we&#x27;re proper pro at it; e) the speedbump pandemic, an enormous pain in the arse to have them every 3 ft in residential areas but probably highly effective; f) many, many (most?) pedestrian-accessible roads predate almost all vehicles and are twisty, narrow, and generally difficult to navigate; f) motorways&#x2F;dual carriageways (70mph) were designed in such a way that they are not at all accessible on foot; g) B-roads (60mph usually, narrow) join 2 interesting places through vast expanses of farmland, there&#x27;s rarely a reason to be on foot near them.<p>Lots of reasons, none are fear.
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socrates1998about 11 years ago
I have always felt one of the saddest things about our society is that we accept these very preventable deaths.<p>When I was a teacher, about once a year a student would die in an accident. It just seemed so unnecessary, a 17 year healthy kid dead because we can&#x27;t make cars safe.<p>I can&#x27;t imagine cars without seat belts, but most Americans didn&#x27;t bother with them before Nader came along.<p>It&#x27;s definitely a black eye on our whole society when we can&#x27;t be bothered to keep a basic right of transportation safe.<p>Maybe driverless cars are the answer, I don&#x27;t know.
datalusabout 11 years ago
Still lower than suicide, sadly. Not many articles about that except the ones about statistics. No real op-ed pieces? Not as newsworthy or good for business?
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pdonisabout 11 years ago
The article quotes the 30,000 per year number, but it only really talks about fatalities or injuries to pedestrians by cars. The 30,000 number includes fatalities or injuries to people in cars as well. So a lot of relevant data is being left out.<p>Wikipedia has a link to NHTSA figures that give more detail. The link is here:<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_motor_vehicle_deaths_in_U.S._by_year#cite_note-NHTSA10-1" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;List_of_motor_vehicle_deaths_in...</a><p>From the 2010 data:<p>* 32,885 total fatalities<p>* 23,303 (70.8 percent) of those were vehicle occupants<p>* 4,502 (13.7 percent) were on motorcycles (drivers or passengers)<p>* 4,280 (13.0 percent) were pedestrians<p>* 618 (1.9 percent) were cyclists<p>* 182 (0.6 percent) were &quot;other&#x2F;unknown non-occupants&quot;<p>So the article is focusing in on something that&#x27;s, at most, only 15 percent or so (counting pedestrians and cyclists, since the article talks about both) of the problem. I say &quot;at most&quot; because of other interesting statistics from the NHTSA report:<p>* 31 percent of fatalities were in incidents involving alcohol-impaired drivers.<p>* 47 percent of the crashes that resulted in pedestrian fatalities had alcohol use reported by either the driver or the pedestrian or both. Interestingly, 33 percent of the pedestrians involved in these crashes were alcohol impaired, but only 14 percent of the <i>drivers</i> involved were; in 6 percent of the crashes, <i>both</i> the driver and the pedestrian were alcohol impaired.<p>* 32 percent of fatalities were in incidents where the driver was speeding. (42 percent of the drivers who were speeding were alcohol-impaired.)<p>* 42 percent of motorcycle drivers, and 51 percent of motorcycle passengers, who were fatally injured were not wearing helmets.<p>* 51 percent of vehicle occupants killed were not restrained (not wearing seat belts, or not in child seats&#x2F;restraints).<p>* 11 percent of fatalities involved large trucks (gross vehicle weight over 10,000 pounds); of those, 76 percent were occupants of other vehicles, 14 percent were occupants of the trucks, and 10 percent were pedestrians.<p>Taking all this into consideration, I see a very different picture from &quot;vehicles are murder machines&quot;. It looks to me like the major factors causing fatalities are individual choices made by people that put them at higher risk. And it&#x27;s not like those choices are difficult, or about things that most people don&#x27;t know. How hard is it to wear a seat belt? To put a helmet on if you&#x27;re on a motorcycle? To not drink and drive?
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tim333about 11 years ago
The article says a lot about the politics and legal aspects of car deaths but the way forward is through engineering. With existing technology you can make a big difference by segregating fast traffic from pedestrian areas. Slow the traffic in towns and residential areas by speed bumps, closed streets, 20mph limits and the like and build multilane pedestrian free roads for people to get from A to B.<p>In the future self driving cars and similar safety systems are the way forward and probably the only practical way to drop the death toll from 30,000 to below 10,000.
jwatteabout 11 years ago
I&#x27;ve always seen this as &quot;30,000 deaths and 120,000 permanent disabilities is the price we pay for allowing the sale of cars that can go faster than 25 mph.&quot;
spikelsabout 11 years ago
Some Context: in 2010 the 121,000 annual US accidental deaths are roughly evenly split between vehicles (35,000), unintentional poisoning (33,000), falls (26,000) and other causes. Collectively accidents are the 5th leading cause of death after heart attack, cancer, respiratory disease and stroke.<p><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr61/nvsr61_04.pdf" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.cdc.gov&#x2F;nchs&#x2F;data&#x2F;nvsr&#x2F;nvsr61&#x2F;nvsr61_04.pdf</a>
owenversteegabout 11 years ago
I really like the design on some of the posters from the article: <a href="http://www.collectorsweekly.com/articles/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/AAA-posters-1024x434.jpg" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.collectorsweekly.com&#x2F;articles&#x2F;wp-content&#x2F;uploads&#x2F;...</a>
moron4hireabout 11 years ago
jeez, they make it sound like every driver on the road is probably going to kill someone at some point.
MattHeardabout 11 years ago
&quot;99% Invisible&quot; by Roman Mars did a very good, 24-minute radio show on this:<p><a href="http://99percentinvisible.org/episode/episode-76-the-modern-moloch/" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;99percentinvisible.org&#x2F;episode&#x2F;episode-76-the-modern-...</a>
michaelochurchabout 11 years ago
First, our attitude toward speed in the U.S. is self-contradictory and bizarre. It&#x27;s far worse to drive 35 mph on a city street in Manhattan than 90 mph (assuming no or low traffic) on the highway. The first is &quot;only 5 over&quot; (the NYC speed limit is 30, which is way too high) and might get you a small fine; the second can put you in jail, in some states.<p>The issue with cars is that the vehicle that is best for highways (capable of speeds up to at least 80 mph) is not great for city driving. Automatic transmissions make it even worse, because there are now idiots who have no idea how fast they&#x27;re driving (yeah, I&#x27;m a stick snob).<p>Second, the car did a great job of something in the 1950s. It was a rent&#x2F;house-price control mechanism that actually worked-- without causing a shortage. It scaled back the power of landlords by allowing development of low-value land. Suburbia turned into something ugly-- racist, detached, gluttonous, environmentally harmful, and ultimately (paradoxically?) expensive-- for a variety of reasons, including increased specialization in the economy (more driving, more scaling problems with traffic) and a Parkinson&#x27;s Law effect of consumer capitalism. Isolated people turned out to be <i>more</i> needy, confused, and liable to overspend, making a market for gigantic houses, ridiculous cars, and tons of low-quality consumer dreck (bought on credit) that no one really needed. Slowly, the tyranny of the landlords crept back in, and things people actually needed (healthcare, education, and finally housing) became again expensive, then extortionate. That&#x27;s where we are now.<p>The car is actually a huge money-hole for most working families, and auto loans a &quot;gateway drug&quot; to yet more unnecessary consumer debt. The car was supposed to liberate them from landlords. Now, it&#x27;s a white elephant they can only afford because they have no choice: the jobs are all 10-50 miles away, public transportation is expensive and emasculated in most places-- even Amtrak is unaffordable for most; and the roads are unsafe to bike or walk (highways and ghettos, both products of suburbanization). So people drop hundreds of dollars per month on car payments, fuel, insurance, parking, tolls, and repairs (plus the involuntary payment through taxes, but that could be argued to be a win for most; if you eat, you use the roads). For people out of cities, the car has become the new landlord.<p>In the 1930s to &#x27;50s, however, no one saw all these unintended consequences. Now, it&#x27;s an open question whether the benefits of widespread automobile usage merit the risk to public safety and the slashing of public spaces. I&#x27;d say &quot;no&quot;. On the other hand, if you were a working-class person in the 1940s and this new invention had the promise of liberating you from the landlord so you could send your kids to school and actually retire, you might think differently. They didn&#x27;t have the foresight to see all the negative unintended consequences or car-reliance.
ansimionescuabout 11 years ago
In Romanian &#x27;car crash&#x27; is called literally &#x27;accident&#x27; [0]. Something that&#x27;s always baffled me is how friggin&#x27; thin the metal plates that make up the car are. Why the fuck does a whole industry consider this normal?! [1]<p>Edit: thanks for the info (and for the downvotes &lt;3)<p>0: <a href="http://translate.google.com/#en/ro/car%20crash" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;translate.google.com&#x2F;#en&#x2F;ro&#x2F;car%20crash</a><p>1: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qhCXFsQ6kKQ" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.youtube.com&#x2F;watch?v=qhCXFsQ6kKQ</a>
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