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Lecture 1 – How to Start a Startup [video]

520 pointsby declanover 10 years ago

45 comments

tucazover 10 years ago
I've been watching it for 8 minutes as of now and despite the fact that the content looks good it really bores me to death that he is reading the whole thing like a robot. It does not sound like a natural converstation or presentation. Does anyone else share this feeling?
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mbestoover 10 years ago
Dustin talks about Financial Reward and Impact of &quot;why to do a startup&quot; for examples like Facebook and Dropbox here: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CBYhVcO4WgI#t=2161" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.youtube.com&#x2F;watch?v=CBYhVcO4WgI#t=2161</a><p>Are these values correct? If you join Dropbox as employee #100 with 10bp, you&#x27;re 10bp is going to get massively diluted through subsequent rounds, no? Isn&#x27;t it more like $1-2mil? And also this is wealth on paper, which means that you don&#x27;t all of the sudden have $10mil sitting in the bank. I don&#x27;t think he explains that but that&#x27;s how it&#x27;s portrayed, and is probably worth explaining, given the audience.
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cjmbover 10 years ago
On Sam&#x27;s part -- am I the only one who got the &quot;heard this before&quot; feeling? Obviously he attributed everything pretty appropriately, but I thought I could&#x27;ve placed 50-75% of his sentences in the &quot;Summary&quot; sections of various PG essays, Peter Thiel writings, and other luminaries of the startup-sphere.<p>I&#x27;m not saying it was wrong or that his delivery was bad. But I remember reading the Class Notes from Thiel&#x27;s class after Blake made them available and thinking &quot;Wow, there&#x27;s some original thoughts in here I haven&#x27;t come across before.&quot;<p>Maybe it&#x27;s because PG already put it all to paper, and some of these other figures just added post scripts. Maybe it was a solved problem by the time Sam got a seat at the table. Just some food for thought. Looking forward to the other lectures regardless.
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dheer01over 10 years ago
Disagree completely with the very first opinion expressed - &#x27;Don&#x27;t do a startup just to do one - do it only if you really want to solve a problem&#x27;.<p>India has produced about 3 big ~billion dollar compaines in the recent past - inmobi, flipkart, druvaa. None of the founders really started to &#x27;solve&#x27; a problem they were passionate about. What they were really passionate about was just &#x27;starting up&#x27; - and based on their personal strengths, industry knowledge and what they thought could be sold, stumbled on these big businesses. This was probably true for HP too.<p>It is absolutely ok to do a startup just for the heck of it. Get in the game and find out the intersection of what you can build and what a customer will buy. If you build a big business - the passion will follow. Do not forget to bullshit though on your big interview on how the so solved problem kept you awake at nights - it makes for some good reading and impressionable pr.
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philipDSover 10 years ago
I made some notes while watching&#x2F;listening. Might include minor errors or misinterpretation on my side<p>4 critical parts: Idea, Team, Product, Execution<p>1. Idea<p>-&gt; Good startups take about 10 years<p>-&gt; Startup should feel like an important mission<p>-&gt; Hardest part coming up with great ideas: best look terriblea t the beginning (e.g. search engine, social networks limited to college students without money, a way to stay at stranger&#x27;s couches)<p>-&gt; &quot;Today only a small subset of users want to use my product, but I&#x27;m going to get all of them&quot;<p>-&gt; You need to believe and willing to ignore naysayers<p>-&gt; Most people will think your idea is bad: be happy. they won&#x27;t compete. it&#x27;s not dangerous to tell people your idea.<p>-&gt; it&#x27;s okay if it doesn&#x27;t sound big at first. first version should take over a small specific market and expand from there. unpopular but right<p>-&gt; take the time to think about how the market will evolve. market size in ~10 years. think about growth rate of the market instead of its current size. small, but rapidly growing market! people are desperate for a solution<p>-&gt; you cannot create a market that does not exist<p>-&gt; there are many great ideas, pick and find one you really care about.. &quot;SW is eating the world&quot;<p>-&gt; &quot;Why Now?&quot; - dixit Sequoia - have a great answer to this question<p>-&gt; Build something that you yourself need. You&#x27;ll understand it a lot better.<p>-&gt; Get close to your customers. Work in their office or talk to them multiple times a day<p>-&gt; If it takes more than a sentence to you know what you&#x27;re doing, it likely is too complicated<p>-&gt; &quot;Do more when you&#x27;re a student.&quot; Think about new ideas and meet potential co-founders<p>-&gt; Think about the market first and you&#x27;ll have a big leg up<p>2. Product<p>-&gt; Great Idea &gt; Great Product &gt; Great Company<p>-&gt; Until you build a great product, almost nothing else matters<p>-&gt; Sit in front of the computer working on product, or talk to your customers<p>-&gt; Biz Dev, Raising Money, Raising Press, Hiring are significantly easier when you have a great product<p>-&gt; Step 1: build something that users love<p>-&gt; YC is all about: Exercise, Eat, Sleep, Work on Product and Talk to Customers<p>-&gt; &quot;It&#x27;s better to build something that a small number of users love, than a large number of users like&quot;<p>-&gt; Get growth by word of mouth. This works for consumer as well as enterprise products. You&#x27;ll see organic growth. If you don&#x27;t have some early organic growth, then your product isn&#x27;t good enough. It&#x27;s the secret sauce to growth hacking.<p>-&gt; Breakout companies always have a product that&#x27;s so good that grows on word of mouth<p>-&gt; Great products win. Make something users love.<p>-&gt; Keep it simple. Look at first versions of Google, Facebook, iPhone<p>-&gt; Founders care about small details. They&#x27;re fanatical<p>-&gt; One thing that correlates with success is hooking up PagerDuty to their ticketing system. Response time within an hour.<p>-&gt; Go recruit your first users by hand to get feedback every day.<p>-&gt; When everyone tought Pinterest was a joke, Ben Silbermann walked around coffee shops in Palo Alto to convince people to use Pinterest. He set Pinterest to the home page in the Palo Alto public library so people would discover the website. Do things that don&#x27;t scale. Read Paul Graham&#x27;s essay.<p>-&gt; Create a tight feedback loop. What do users like? What do they pay for? What would make them recommend it?<p>-&gt; Try to keep your feedback loop going for all of your companies&#x27; life<p>-&gt; Do sales and customer support yourself in the early days. This is critical. Do not hire these people right away.<p>-&gt; Keep track of metrics. Look at active users, activity levels, cohort retention, revenue, etc. Be brutally honest if they don&#x27;t go in the right direction<p>-&gt; If you don&#x27;t get your product right, nothing else in this class will matter.<p>Why start a startup?<p>-&gt; &quot;It&#x27;s glamorous&quot;, &quot;You&#x27;ll be the boss&quot;, &quot;Flexibility&quot;, ...<p>-&gt; Entrepreneurship gets romanticized<p>-&gt; The reality is not so glamorous. It is a lot of hard work. You&#x27;re sitting at your desk, focused, figuring out hard engineering projects. It is quite stressful.<p>-&gt; Founder depression is a real thing. If you start a company, it&#x27;s gonna be extremely hard<p>-&gt; You have loads of responsilibity<p>-&gt; You&#x27;re responsible for the opportunity cost of the people who decide to follow and help you out<p>-&gt; You&#x27;re more committed. A founder cannot leave a company. For 10 years if it&#x27;s going well. Probably for 5 years if it&#x27;s not going well.<p>-&gt; &quot;Number one role of a CEO is managing your own psychology&quot;<p>-&gt; You&#x27;re always on call, you&#x27;re a role model. You&#x27;ll always be working anyway<p>-&gt; If you joined Dropbox or Facebook early on, your financial reward might be a lot better than when starting a startup<p>-&gt; If you join a later stage startup, you have more impact - massive userbase, existing infrastructure, work with an established team. E.g. Brett Taylor was employee #1500 at Google and he invented Google Maps. He got a big financial reward for this.<p>-&gt; What&#x27;s the best reason? You can&#x27;t NOT do it. You have to make it happen<p>-&gt; Do it out of passion<p>-&gt; The world needs it (if not, go do something else) and&#x2F;or the world needs you (you&#x27;re well-suited to do it). The world needs you somewhere, find where.
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7Figures2Commasover 10 years ago
&quot;All the advice in this class is geared towards people starting a business where the goal is hyper-growth and eventually building a very large company. Much of it doesn&#x27;t apply in other cases and I want to warn people up front that if you try to do these things in a lot of big companies or non-startups it won&#x27;t work.&quot;
smuss77over 10 years ago
@3:12: &quot;There are much easier ways of getting rich.&quot; Could I get some examples? Thank you!
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kartikkumarover 10 years ago
One thing that bothered me about the lecture was reinforcement of the idea that working hard is the same as working long. I can appreciate the fact that at times as a founder you have to work all hours of the day, but surely this is not the optimum scenario for maximum productivity. If I look at my own work situation currently, it&#x27;s abundantly apparent to me that the law of diminishing returns affects me strongly after working 8-10 hrs straight.<p>I would have expected the message to be that the most successful founders in the long-term are the ones that figure out the right work&#x2F;life balance, to ensure they don&#x27;t burn out. In other words, successful founders are able to be focussed and driven for the hours that they work, and in recharge-mode when offline.<p>This is intuitively what I would have expected and I&#x27;m curious if the message from the lecture of &quot;work all day, everyday&quot; is really right.
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bcjordanover 10 years ago
To temper some of the nit picks, just wanted to say this lecture felt insightful and fun to watch. I hope YC continues this trend of investing effort in shareable advice content in the spirit of pg&#x27;s essays.<p>This is the first time a lot of the YC flavor of startup how-to material has been presented in a lecture video format[1]. I suspect much of the long-term audience of these lectures wouldn&#x27;t have come across pg&#x27;s essays, Blake Masters&#x27; Peter Thiel startup notes or Dustin Moskovitz&#x27;s excellent Medium posts before. Maybe some lecture watchers were allergic to long-form articles, or maybe some would rather receive a weekly email with videos. Myself, I consume this sort of material on my walk to work, either text-to-speeching essays or listening to lectures. The video lecture format was especially fun, I watched it full screen on the TV while eating an enchilada and poking my fiancee about points she might find relevant to her side project. How often do you get to consume this sort of content like that?<p>Having read pg&#x27;s essays[2], I still had a number of &quot;aha!&quot; moments from Sam&#x27;s slides and hearing his presentation. And hearing Dustin describe in his low-key tone why you should be employee 1,000 at an obviously successful startup rather than start your own, and backing it up with charts and photo-jokes about the elephant in the room was just entertaining. Seeing &quot;this is how we&#x27;ll teach you to do this thing. Here&#x27;s an expert on why not to do this thing.&quot; is not always the type of juxtaposition you get with standalone online essays.<p>Looking forward to the next lecture. I&#x27;d say it&#x27;s well worth the time and opportunity cost of putting this all together, so thanks all involved.<p>[1]: Yes, some Lean Startup™ and Principles of Entrepreneurship™ flavored material has been presented in lecture format before, but not YC™ lensed AFAIK.<p>[2]: Okay, I skipped the early seemingly pure-Lisp-focused ones. Though like Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance isn&#x27;t about a long motorcycle trip, and maybe pg&#x27;s Lisp essays are not really all about writing Lisp?
jduhamelover 10 years ago
The presentation style is a bit rough but the material is gold.
bayesianhorseover 10 years ago
There are easier ways to get rich? For Stanford Graduates, maybe. For those who don&#x27;t have a degree in an ultra-paying job, I&#x27;d really like to know an easier way.<p>I&#x27;m usually sceptical about start-up chances, I know how much work it means, and I know that a lot of early-stage employees get rich, too. Yet, I don&#x27;t think you can get rich this fast&#x2F;easy with a modest degree... Even as early-stage employee often you&#x27;ll still get a raw deal or you overestimate their chances of success.
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agentultraover 10 years ago
Great presentation and very clear that the rest of the course will be focusing on advice for SV-style hyper-growth startups.<p>There&#x27;s still some good advice for those of us not interested in that life style. I was particularly taken with the idea of building something that just a handful of people will really love. Having a rapt-audience for your product would be a huge win if you decide to build more, scale up, or sell out.<p>I think it&#x27;s really good that they&#x27;re at least trying to convey how difficult building the style of companies they&#x27;re talking about can be. I can appreciate how challenging that must be. The cultural yard-stick for success these days are valuations and IPOs. There&#x27;s a ton of pressure to go that route especially from YC. I&#x27;m glad they&#x27;re being conscientious about it even if they don&#x27;t 100% succeed at removing some of the glimmer from the stars in peoples&#x27; eyes.<p>There&#x27;s nothing wrong with wanting to start a smaller enterprise and aspire to keep just a handful of customers you know by name.
bramggover 10 years ago
@2:22: &quot;You may still fail. The outcome is something like Idea x Product x Execution x Team x Luck, where Luck is a random number between 0 and 10,000, literally that much.&quot;<p>What does that mean? I&#x27;m not trying to rip on the video or anything like that, but am genuinely curious as to how much luck Sam Altman thinks is involved in a startup.
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jtwebmanover 10 years ago
Wow this was good information. It really got me thinking on what my reasons are and how bad they might be. Did anyone else get that from this?<p>I would also love if they cover how you work on a startup if you still have the 40 hours a week programming job as well. And how to avoid getting in trouble or legal issues with your job.
Reltairover 10 years ago
The recommended reading from the final slide:<p>- The Hard Thing About Hard Things<p>- Zero to One (CS 138A)<p>- The Facebook Effect<p>- The 15 Commitments of Conscious Leadership<p>- The Tao of Leadership<p>- Nonviolent Communication
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lukasmover 10 years ago
I find it artificial when the lecturer reads the presentation - it&#x27;s not a joy to listen.
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rdlecler1over 10 years ago
Sam: &quot;Step 1, build something that users love&quot;<p>How does this compare with an MVP approach where you put something out there first and test the market. Then there is the issue of runway. With enough time, you can start with an MVP and iterate in private beta until users love it, but in many cases a founder is not going to have that kind of runway. They have just enough resources to put something together, and they&#x27;re going to have to go out to the market with that and iterate on the fly. Unfortunately, once you do get out there and need to take on all of the other responsibilities, then that&#x27;s time taken away from building a great product.
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petersouthover 10 years ago
Sam Altman&#x27;s law of conservation of how much happiness you can put into the world with the first product from a startup -&gt; the total amount of love is the same it&#x27;s just a question of how it&#x27;s distributed.
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dkaplanover 10 years ago
Why did we submit questions if the video was just going to cut out at the Q&amp;A
steakejjsover 10 years ago
This seems like a really valuable recruiting tool for YC. Start early at Stanford, groom freshman to have a great mindset and understanding of the fundamentals, fund them and make money.<p>YC is still a for-profit company, after all.
coralreefover 10 years ago
Sam mentioned that the idea was actually quite important. I recall PG saying that YC would often invest in the team because ideas change and aren&#x27;t as important as good founders.<p>Anyone have thoughts on this?
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simonebrunozziover 10 years ago
I also don&#x27;t agree that working on a startup should mean no work-life balance. There&#x27;s a limit to how productive you can be, and working 90 hours&#x2F;week is not going to make you more productive than working 45 hours&#x2F;week. If you work too much, you&#x27;ll do more mistakes. Ryan Carson, founder of TeamTreeHouse, can teach us a lot about it. <a href="http://ryancarson.com/" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;ryancarson.com&#x2F;</a>
dkuralover 10 years ago
I disagree that a startup should commonly start with an &quot;idea&quot;. Start with an unmet need people are willing to pay for. Or take an existing category with a lot of bad products and make a truly better one that improves every aspect of the experience. Often, you&#x27;ll see many startups working on the same &quot;idea&quot;. Something like Google is truly rare (a genuinely innovative approach to search).
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yatoomyover 10 years ago
I&#x27;m interested in Thiel&#x27;s upcoming lecture. It seems like there has been a hard shift from &quot;move fast&#x2F;lean&#x2F;mvp&#x2F;pivot&quot; to &quot;make a monopoly&quot;. Economically speaking, it is accurate. Hopefully it will motivate people to go after problems previously taboo, ie healthcare, education, finance etc, and less about messaging and photo apps. Our world may depend on it.
hayksaakianover 10 years ago
Sam kept bringing up the 10 year number<p>But: YC (and therefore every YC company) is &lt; 8 years old<p>What startups succeeded after this long (AND were still actually considered startups)
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piotryover 10 years ago
Funny that I just wrote about how I was considering killing a startup I started: <a href="https://medium.com/@piotr/i-failed-82b9469977ac?source=latest&amp;" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;medium.com&#x2F;@piotr&#x2F;i-failed-82b9469977ac?source=lates...</a><p>Probably the best way to know how to build a successful one is knowing how to build one that won&#x27;t fail!
bobblesover 10 years ago
Are transcriptions of these videos going to be provided?<p>It&#x27;s much easier for me to consume lectures as text rather than watching the video.
AzmDover 10 years ago
Ideas are important ... but if Ycombinator stresses so much on the idea being really great then they should take these lines off their website (its on the &quot;Apply&quot; page)<p>&quot;Your idea is important too, but mainly as evidence that you can have good ideas. Most successful startups change their idea substantially.&quot;
steve_taylorover 10 years ago
It&#x27;s refreshing to see such importance placed on the idea and building a product that users love.
ThomPeteover 10 years ago
Don&#x27;t get me wrong I love Sam Altman I love y-combinator but a small part of me is thinking that a good first step to start a startup is to not watch that video and find your own way. Not because it&#x27;s probably not great but because a startup is not a formula.<p>Your path is your own.
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howradicalover 10 years ago
Here are some timestamped notes synced with the video: <a href="https://timelined.com/how-to-start-a-startup/lecture-1-how-to-start-a-startup" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;timelined.com&#x2F;how-to-start-a-startup&#x2F;lecture-1-how-t...</a>
lawsohardover 10 years ago
looks like rap genius is putting up a full transcript <a href="http://tech.genius.com/Sam-altman-how-to-start-a-startup-lecture-1-annotated" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;tech.genius.com&#x2F;Sam-altman-how-to-start-a-startup-lec...</a>
smailiover 10 years ago
Can non-Stanford students drop in or is this for students only?
ckvammeover 10 years ago
I posted some casual, but in depth notes on my site for anyone wanting to skip the video:<p><a href="http://chriskvamme.com/" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;chriskvamme.com&#x2F;</a>
gorkemyurtover 10 years ago
its really sad that he is reading the presentation..
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gaddersover 10 years ago
Just a quick question - are these a Sam only initiative, rather than YC? Is that why they are on Sam&#x27;s domain?
xavierkellyover 10 years ago
This is a really good video lesson. I fell inspired to work harder on my dreams of growing my startup.
graycatover 10 years ago
Just watched the lecture.<p>The first part of the lecture was on the &quot;Idea&quot;, and I want to give an alternative approach.<p>First, do I believe that what Altman describes can work and is what he has seen has worked? Definitely yes.<p>Second, is that all that can work? I don&#x27;t think so.<p>Third, do I suggest that the alternative approach I describe here will be common and&#x2F;or always better than what Altman describes? No. Sometimes better? I do believe so. But even if the alternative approach is rare, that should not be a huge obstacle since the success Altman is talking about, the goal, is also rare. That is, for the rare successes, we should expect that some of the means will also be rare and not common.<p>But for the alternative approach, given that it is rare, we should have some solid evidence of its effectiveness, and I believe that we can.<p>I want to propose that it can be possible to have an idea, test it, essentially just on paper, and, if it passes the test, be quite sure the resulting product will be good and fairly sure the resulting company will be successful.<p>Yes, I&#x27;m proposing that the alternative approach provides a way to have the idea be by far the most important part of the work and the rest, e.g., the execution, be routine.<p>Or I would say that a <i>good</i> idea is one that makes it through the <i>filters</i> of my alternative approach. Then I am claiming that with a bad idea, yes, execution is everything but with a good idea execution is routine.<p>Yes, to me, the <i>ideas</i> like Altman describes look to me as far too unpromising to be taken seriously and promise that, yes, indeed, execution will be many times more difficult than the idea. Indeed, Altman is admitting that many start ups fail, that building a successful start up is difficult. I would agree that, starting with a bad idea, building a successful start up is difficult.<p>Now, for the alternative approach for finding a good idea for a start up:<p>First, the alternative approach is very selective, that is, rejects a lot of ideas. Some of the ideas the approach rejects will be able to be the basis of successful companies. The alternative approach rejects ideas when it just cannot build a rock solid case that the idea is good. E.g., the alternative does not know how to conclude that the ideas for Facebook or Twitter would lead to success. The alternative wants to accept only good ideas and in doing so will reject a lot of good ideas. The alternative approach asks for a lot from an idea, and many good ideas will not have that much.<p>Second, Altman does emphasize that a need and a corresponding solution one person sees in their own life can be relevant. Okay, I&#x27;ve been there and done that, that is, I&#x27;ve seen needs and solutions.<p>Third, what I&#x27;m proposing for an alternative is, at least in broad terms, and compared with what Altman describes, much older, much more thoroughly tested, and with a much better, really excellent, track record.<p>Actually, we all know at least something, maybe a lot, about the alternative and its track record. I learned about the alternative early in my career doing mostly US DoD projects around DC and also some other experiences, but there is much more information about the alternative readily available far from me.<p>So:<p>(1) Need.<p>To make the alternative work, we have to start with a suitable need, i.e., <i>market need,</i> that is, a suitable problem to solve. We want the first good or a much better solution to be, obviously, no doubt, a &quot;must have&quot; and not just a &quot;nice to have&quot;.<p>Next, for this need, we want to find the first good or a much better solution, presented just on paper.<p>Then we want to evaluate the solution, also just on paper. Sorry, no, we don&#x27;t &quot;get out of the building&quot; and talk to other people.<p>Big example of such a need? Okay, we&#x27;d like to have a safe, effective, inexpensive one pill taken once to cure any cancer. So, yes, early on, for Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, a lot of doubt. For such a cancer pill, we have &quot;no doubt&quot;; to know this we don&#x27;t have to &quot;get out of the building&quot;, ask people, throw trial solutions against a wall to see if there is interest, etc.<p>(2) Solution.<p>Given the need from (1), we try to find a solution. If we fail here, and likely we will, we return to (1) and find another need. E.g., clearly so far the one pill cure for any cancer will fail here for at least a long time.<p>We want a solution that we are sure, &quot;no doubt&quot;, will be the first good or much better.<p>Here&#x27;s a way: Start with the real problem and see what about it we can assume. Then convert this problem and its assumptions into a mathematical problem. So, we are limiting ourselves to needs that lead faithfully to mathematical problems. Sorry, no intuitive heuristics need apply.<p>Next find a mathematical solution.<p>Develop the mathematical solution just on paper, as carefully done theorems and proofs, and then severely check the proofs.<p>Then observe that it is totally clear that the mathematical solution will be fully close enough to the first good or much better solution we want for the need.<p>If any of the work here in step (2) fails, then return to step (1)<p>(3) Product.<p>Write software to do the data manipulations specified by the mathematical solution. Severely check the software. That&#x27;s essentially the product.<p>If fail here, then return to (1).<p>Track record? Okay:<p>(A) GPS.<p>(B) The version of GPS done first by the US Navy for the SSBNs.<p>(C) Beam forming in passive sonar.<p>(D) The A-bomb of WWII -- all three exploded just as planned.<p>(E) The H-bomb of the 1950s -- first test, 15 million tons of TNT.<p>(F) The SR-71, for Mach 3+, 80,000+ feet, 2000+ miles without refueling; proposed by Kelly Johnson just on paper; built and flown just as proposed.<p>(G) Keyhole satellite, essential a Hubble, before Hubble, but aimed at earth instead of space.<p>(H) The F-117 stealth, essentially a modified F-16, flew as planned, through Saddam&#x27;s anti-aircraft artillery without a scratch.<p>(I) The airplane the Wright brothers took to Kitty Hawk, NC.<p>(J) Phased array radar for Aegis class ships.<p>(K) High bypass turbofan engines.<p>(L) RSA encryption.<p>(M) Hubble.<p>(N) LHC.<p>(O) COBE, WMAP, and Planck.<p>And there are many more. Such projects that failed in execution? Tough to find. Batting average? Near 1000.<p>Right: Projects A-O are all just <i>technical</i> projects. Right. But in each case they provided the intended solution for the need. As we have explained, to have a successful technical solution lead to a successful solution in business, we want such a solution to be a &quot;must have&quot;; else we return to (1).<p>The high bypass turbofan jet engine a commercial &quot;must have&quot;? Darned right: It saves an ocean of expensive jet fuel. How? Simple: Burning jet fuel releases energy. Want to convert that energy to kinetic energy and get the resulting momentum. But for mass m and velocity v, kinetic energy is (1&#x2F;2) mv^2 and momentum is just mv. So, we pay in energy (1&#x2F;2) mv^2 and get in the momentum we want mv.<p>So, since in kinetic energy we have v^2 but in momentum have just v, to get more of our desired momentum from our given, available energy, we want m to be large and v to be small. So, mostly we want to use the hot gasses from the combustion to turn a big ducted propeller that moves a huge mass of air at a low velocity. Instead, the military jet engines intended for supersonic speeds, and long used in commercial aviation because they were available, move a smaller mass at high velocity. So, for commercial, subsonic flight, a high bypass turbofan is a &quot;must have&quot;. Then have the first good one or a much better one, as we have assumed, and very much should have a successful business.
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polskibusover 10 years ago
Is there a download link for the video to make offline viewing possible?
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reelgirlover 10 years ago
I loved the video and it really encouraged me to keep on trying.
simonebrunozziover 10 years ago
Sam, your voice sounds very irritating to me. Sometimes too fast, no &quot;tempo&quot;. I think you should change the way you deliver your points to a classroom. (constructive feedback, not rant)
hanleyover 10 years ago
Very interesting lectures and it&#x27;s great that they are doing this. Both of the speakers could benefit from a public speaking class though.
gbachikover 10 years ago
It was so good I wish It was thursday.<p>I want mooooore!
pmoshover 10 years ago
subtitles please!!
porterover 10 years ago
Ycombinator leading the way once again. Looking forward to this!
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