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The most disruptive technology of the last century was home appliances

112 点作者 davidiach超过 9 年前

21 条评论

jasode超过 9 年前
Hans Rosling presented a similar topic at TED (2010):<p><a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.ted.com&#x2F;talks&#x2F;hans_rosling_and_the_magic_washing_machine?language=en" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.ted.com&#x2F;talks&#x2F;hans_rosling_and_the_magic_washing_...</a><p>On the other hand, we may overestimate the disruption of home appliances because of how history played out. <i>Today</i>, many poor villagers choose to spend what little money they have on <i>a cellphone instead of a washing machine.</i> They continue to wash clothes by hand and hang them to dry but they absolutely need the cellphone to tell them what price their crops will sell for at the market.
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qrendel超过 9 年前
It&#x27;s incidental (for me) that this article should be posted today. Only two days ago, in a philosophy class on environmental ethics, I was told by the professor that my answer to a discussion prompt on &quot;ecofeminism,&quot; which cited the development of the washing machine as facilitating the women&#x27;s rights movement, would be disagreed with by feminists and that it reflected my worldview that it was women&#x27;s &quot;essential role in life to do laundry.&quot; The counterargument was that World War 2 had been responsible for women entering the workforce and not household electrical appliances. My rebuttal that this may not explain global demographic data from developing countries has thus far gone unanswered.<p>Apologies for the personal anecdote, but needless to say I&#x27;m still a bit offended at having been called a bigot. Particularly when Ana Swanson, a &quot;reporter for Wonkblog specializing in business, economics, data visualization and China&quot; would probably not have been similarly told that by writing this article she believes housework is women&#x27;s essential role in life. It seems some would require extensive quantitative evidence for this claim to avoid stepping on any toes, though, and I wonder if Hans Rosling, Ha-Joon Chang, Max Roser and the others making it have quantified to what extent appliances were an influence compared to other factors.
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TorKlingberg超过 9 年前
What is strange to me is how the invention of home appliances seems to have stopped. The refrigerator, washing machine, vacuum and dishwasher all made huge changes to everyday life. But since the microwave oven, there has been nothing major. We are still spending many hours on household work. Are the remaining chores just to difficult to automate?
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adwn超过 9 年前
This reminds me of a film from 1960, &quot;The Home Of The Future: Year 1999 A.D.&quot; [1], where even more household chores are automated (for example, meals are delivered and stored frozen, and take only seconds to heat up).<p>However, for some reason, the wife still stays at home (and goes shopping) while the husband works and pays the bills. This made me think that the only development which is harder to predict than technological progress, is sociocultural progress.<p>[1] <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.youtube.com&#x2F;watch?v=0RRxqg4G-G4" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.youtube.com&#x2F;watch?v=0RRxqg4G-G4</a>
anjc超过 9 年前
Agh I wish people would either read some of Christensen&#x27;s work, or even the basic Wikipedia article, or else stop using the word &#x27;disruptive&#x27; in this context. It&#x27;s diluting a concept which used to have a very specific meaning, and has rapidly changed to mean nothing, through misuse.<p>This article starts off by almost calling people out, saying that people use &#x27;disruptive&#x27; in the wrong way, but then it proceeds to make the same basic errors.<p>There are a few key characteristics of a disruptive innovation. One is that incumbents don&#x27;t notice the changes due to market myopia. Were competitors to the vacuum unaware of the technical leaps possible due to technology? I will bet not. Another key characteristic is that it causes competitor value-networks to change. What value network changed by vacuums being adopted? The hitting-rug-with-stick value network? How much value flows through this network? Did the sweeping brush value network change? No, everyone still has a sweeping brush even now. All that happened was that consumer demands changed and a new product was adopted. But wasn&#x27;t it still an amazing leap in technology? Yes! It was a &#x27;radical innovation&#x27;!<p>&quot;Disruptive&quot; does not mean &quot;big change&quot;. It doesn&#x27;t mean &quot;impressive&quot;. It doesn&#x27;t mean &quot;unexpected competition&quot;. In this case, it doesn&#x27;t mean &quot;society changed over the course of a century as a new industry was created due to ancillary technological improvements&quot;.<p>It certainly doesn&#x27;t mean &quot;normal dynamics of industry and competition&quot;, which is how most people seem to inexplicably use it.
dbuxton超过 9 年前
I&#x27;d love to see a study of these tech adoption trends and their effect in an even shorter timescale like in post-Soviet countries.<p>In Russia even a few years ago, all my friends&#x27; parents would obsessively pickle the hell out of whatever they could grow. My impression is now that that tradition has almost disappeared among the younger generations.
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hudibras超过 9 年前
There&#x27;s a beautiful chapter (&quot;The Sad Irons&quot;) in Robert Caro&#x27;s first volume of his Lyndon Johnson biography which describes life in rural Texas in the 1930s before they got electricity. Because all the electric appliances existed already, their world was transformed literally overnight when the switch was flipped and the juice started flowing.
osullivj超过 9 年前
Looking back it&#x27;s amazing how little change there was through the twentieth century in fundamental consumer tech. Radio, TV, record players, fridges, washing machines &amp; vacuum cleaners were all available in the 1930s. Sure, they became cheaper and more widely available, but IMHO, not much changed in home tech until the 1980s.
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ll123超过 9 年前
I think the most disruptive technology invented recently is effective birth control.
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ulrikrasmussen超过 9 年前
Also relevant: This[1] Nautilus article about how we have a tendency to over-estimate the significance of new technology in the future, simply because it is new.<p>[1] <a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;nautil.us&#x2F;issue&#x2F;28&#x2F;2050&#x2F;why-futurism-has-a-cultural-blindspot" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;nautil.us&#x2F;issue&#x2F;28&#x2F;2050&#x2F;why-futurism-has-a-cultural-b...</a>
encoderer超过 9 年前
What am I missing? The graph suggests only 1&#x2F;3 of Americans had a water heater as of 1985?
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amelius超过 9 年前
So many technological improvements, and we are still working 40+ hours per week...
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varjag超过 9 年前
One big non-appliance thing here is the proliferation of mobile phones. Am pretty sure months of my productive life have been saved simply by excluding waiting around on people and not making unnecessary trips.
JDDunn9超过 9 年前
Chapter 4 of &quot;23 Things They Don&#x27;t Tell You About Capitalism&quot; echoed this point titled, &quot;The Washing Machine has Changed the World More than the Internet Has&quot;. In addition to talking about how revolutionary household appliances have been, he also mentioned how economists have consistently failed to measure much economic value in the Internet.
pseudonom-超过 9 年前
This thesis seems rather incomplete in light of:<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.nber.org&#x2F;digest&#x2F;oct08&#x2F;w13985.html" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.nber.org&#x2F;digest&#x2F;oct08&#x2F;w13985.html</a><p><a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;psycnet.apa.org&#x2F;psycinfo&#x2F;1975-07262-001" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;psycnet.apa.org&#x2F;psycinfo&#x2F;1975-07262-001</a>
jhallenworld超过 9 年前
Where is the vibrator, the fifth home electrical appliance, on these graphs? :-)<p><a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.thedailybeast.com&#x2F;articles&#x2F;2012&#x2F;04&#x2F;27&#x2F;hysteria-and-the-long-strange-history-of-the-vibrator-vertical.html" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.thedailybeast.com&#x2F;articles&#x2F;2012&#x2F;04&#x2F;27&#x2F;hysteria-an...</a>
jhallenworld超过 9 年前
As an owner of an older home I find the evolution of central heating to be fascinating. I highly recommend this book:<p><a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.amazon.com&#x2F;The-Lost-Art-Steam-Heating&#x2F;dp&#x2F;0974396095" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.amazon.com&#x2F;The-Lost-Art-Steam-Heating&#x2F;dp&#x2F;09743960...</a>
scottmcdot超过 9 年前
Why is the &#x27;Civilian Labor Force Participation Rate&#x27; for women going down again?
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t_fatus超过 9 年前
Whant happens if you try to plot the relative improvement instead of absolute reduction of working hours? Because it&#x27;s much more difficult to kill the remaining ones than the ones gained by the washing machine!
Rainymood超过 9 年前
You know what has been one of the sickest revolutions ever?<p>Ballpoint pens.<p>Just let that sink in.
vonnik超过 9 年前
AKA robots that replaced human labor.
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