The "action creators" from step 4 can be further reduced:<p><pre><code> export const addTodo =
text => ({
type: 'ADD_TODO',
id: nextTodoId++,
text,
completed: false
});
export const setVisibilityFilter =
filter => ({type: 'SET_VISIBILITY_FILTER', filter});
export const toggleTodo =
id => ({type: 'TOGGLE_TODO', id});</code></pre>