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Unnecessariat

383 点作者 thenobsta大约 9 年前

21 条评论

jraines大约 9 年前
I&#x27;m reminded of Jimmy Carter&#x27;s &quot;Malaise&quot; speech:<p><i>The symptoms of this crisis of the American spirit are all around us. For the first time in the history of our country a majority of our people believe that the next five years will be worse than the past five years. Two-thirds of our people do not even vote. The productivity of American workers is actually dropping, and the willingness of Americans to save for the future has fallen below that of all other people in the Western world.<p>As you know, there is a growing disrespect for government and for churches and for schools, the news media, and other institutions. This is not a message of happiness or reassurance, but it is the truth and it is a warning.</i><p>Everything he listed has gotten worse, not better. Both local communities and our institutions have fragmented, crumbled, or turned, at least in part, cynically exploitative (see: degree mills, asset forfeiture, Creflo Dollar, myriad regulations enabling rent-seeking and hindering free enterprise).<p>Because HN and tech world chatter is my background noise, I think about Universal Basic Income, though I don&#x27;t know much more about it than a definition. It seems to me the &quot;winners&quot; in the current game can provide assistance and some level of comfort in a more expansive and efficient way than the degrading system in place today. But they can&#x27;t provide meaning. Neither can the institutions Carter listed, alone. At minimum, an earned trust in all or most of them is a foundation on which secure footing can be had to build a life, a family, a community. But I don&#x27;t know how we get there from here. It sure doesn&#x27;t seem that either party is steering that way, or that our current media is capable of engaging with the situation without driving 10 different outrage-optimized wedges through it.<p>The civic and moral fabric of the nation is not an election-winning topic, as Carter found out.
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Animats大约 9 年前
From the article: <i>&quot;We aren’t precarious, we’re unnecessary. The money has gone to the top. The wages have gone to the top. The recovery has gone to the top. And what’s worst of all, everybody who matters seems basically pretty okay with that.</i>&quot;<p>That&#x27;s it right there. We just don&#x27;t need that many people to do all the stuff. Some of that is imports, but not all, or even most, of it.<p>Get behind the $15 minimum wage. Then the 8 hour day and 40 hour week.<p>Overtime is coming back to America, on December 1, 2016.[1] The threshold below which overtime must be paid rises from $455 to $913 per week. This affects about 4 million US workers. Goldman Sachs says this will add 100,000 jobs, as employers try to avoid paying time and a half for overtime.[2]<p>[1] <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.dol.gov&#x2F;whd&#x2F;overtime&#x2F;final2016&#x2F;" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.dol.gov&#x2F;whd&#x2F;overtime&#x2F;final2016&#x2F;</a> [2] <a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.businessinsider.com&#x2F;goldman-sachs-new-obama-overtime-rule-to-add-jobs-2016-5" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.businessinsider.com&#x2F;goldman-sachs-new-obama-overt...</a>
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aston大约 9 年前
This is a pretty great personal account, and it helps me tremendously in my goal of understanding this group of people who feel left out and overlooked by their government. However, it&#x27;s also a good demonstration of how people find ways to rationalize acting against their own self-interest.<p>One example: The author observes that the unnecessariat is having lots of economic value extracted from them, e.g. from required, high cost healthcare plans. She implies things were better when there was no requirement (and thus no coverage). I think that&#x27;s a common sentiment among conservatives, which is why they have voted continually against Obamacare. But as she points out, these are people for whom even moderate healthcare costs can be devastating financially. So why didn&#x27;t they all vote for Obamacare and for the public option, subsidized by higher taxes? And why didn&#x27;t she consider that a reasonable enough future to even mention it?<p>I worry the answer is that they&#x27;ve given up on using (representative) democracy to improve their lives.
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vasaulys大约 9 年前
This reminds me of a This American Life episode where many members of a town collected disability because doctors there didn&#x27;t consider them &quot;smart enough to work&quot;. Seems to be the beginning of Universal Basic Income in all but name.<p>On another note, it must be depressing to live there.<p><a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.thisamericanlife.org&#x2F;radio-archives&#x2F;episode&#x2F;490&#x2F;trends-with-benefits" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.thisamericanlife.org&#x2F;radio-archives&#x2F;episode&#x2F;490&#x2F;t...</a>
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dbcooper大约 9 年前
It&#x27;s probably also worth reading the recent Slate Star Codex blog post that cites this.<p><a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;slatestarcodex.com&#x2F;2016&#x2F;05&#x2F;23&#x2F;three-great-articles-on-poverty-and-why-i-disagree-with-all-of-them&#x2F;" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;slatestarcodex.com&#x2F;2016&#x2F;05&#x2F;23&#x2F;three-great-articles-on...</a>
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DenisM大约 9 年前
I often say to my fellow engineers that software engineering is a profession of destroying jobs. There doesn&#x27;t seem to be any follow up discussion though, everyone just nods and moves on to the next subject.<p>What <i>can</i> we do? There is no stopping the train of automation.
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rmchugh将近 9 年前
I&#x27;m reminded of the book &#x27;Wasted Lives&#x27; by Zygmunt Baumann. In it he describes how the ever changing nature of capitalism constantly creates a population that is surplus to requirements. Think of what happens to dockside communities when the harbours are automated and the dock work dries up. Or coal mining towns when the mines are closed. This pattern is repeated all over the world throughout history as capitalism renews itself through creative destruction or flees to low wage countries in response to labour militancy.
legulere将近 9 年前
&gt; In 2011, economist Guy Standing coined the term “precariat”<p>Not really. It began to appear in German books in 2005 (<a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;books.google.com&#x2F;ngrams&#x2F;graph?content=Prekariat&amp;year_start=1950&amp;year_end=2015&amp;corpus=20&amp;smoothing=0" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;books.google.com&#x2F;ngrams&#x2F;graph?content=Prekariat&amp;year...</a>) and searches took off in the end of 2006 <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.google.com&#x2F;trends&#x2F;explore#q=Prekariat%2C%20precariat&amp;cmpt=q" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.google.com&#x2F;trends&#x2F;explore#q=Prekariat%2C%20preca...</a> The German version of the word is still more common.<p>It actually really surprised me that the word is so young, as I think the word is pretty much common knowledge in German.
hellbanner大约 9 年前
Automation can automate manual labor jobs the easiest. Maintaining cities, crafting medicine, colonizing space -- these are important jobs that humanity has.<p>I think the bigger issue is that most people don&#x27;t have resources to pursue training to tackle this kind of work.<p>There are so many problems left to solve in the world it&#x27;s a joke to say &quot;there isn&#x27;t work to be done&quot;
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roymurdock大约 9 年前
I&#x27;m reading two books right now. <i>The Rise and Fall of American Growth</i> [1] by Robert Gordon and <i>The Grapes of Wrath</i> [2] by John Steinbeck. They complement each other, and this post, very well.<p>I would recommend Gordon&#x27;s book as an objective overview of the astonishing growth in economic and quality of life terms from 1870-1970. It&#x27;s not as thoroughly researched as I expected it to be, and the prose is somewhat clunky, but it&#x27;s a good lesson in the history of technology that we take for granted nonetheless.<p>Steinbeck&#x27;s tale of the banks&#x2F;landowners displacing poor, rural farming families is also extremely pertinent in light of this post. Car dealers extract value from the fleeing, unnecessariat farmers in &quot;Grapes&quot;, while insurance companies&#x2F;debtors prisons extract value from the unnecessariat rural poor chronicled in this post. The promised land of &quot;Grapes&quot; (California) continues to be successful today, with the coasts accreting a large portion of the nation&#x27;s wealth. It&#x27;s also just a beautifully written and thoroughly considered (to the point of seeming spontaneous) piece of art.<p>I am waiting for the next paradigm shifting technology with bated breath.<p>[1] <a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.amazon.com&#x2F;Rise-Fall-American-Growth-Princeton&#x2F;dp&#x2F;0691147728&#x2F;" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.amazon.com&#x2F;Rise-Fall-American-Growth-Princeton&#x2F;dp...</a><p>[2] <a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.amazon.com&#x2F;Grapes-Wrath-John-Steinbeck&#x2F;dp&#x2F;0143039431&#x2F;" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.amazon.com&#x2F;Grapes-Wrath-John-Steinbeck&#x2F;dp&#x2F;0143039...</a>
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studentrob将近 9 年前
&gt; from where I live, the world has drifted away. We aren’t precarious, we’re unnecessary<p>You&#x27;re not unnecessary.<p>Have you read your local candidates&#x27; views? Have you identified the ones with whom you agree? Have you ever run a voter registration drive to help elect them? Or suggested to friends who share your views that they run for local office?<p>You&#x27;re capable of making change. Putting so much energy into saying you&#x27;re unnecessary shows you have the time.
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mark_l_watson将近 9 年前
Fantastic article. Extraction of value by the elite is the problem and a partial solution is a movement for local business and constantly pushing back even with simple things like paying for local goods and services in cash, not credit cards. Why should banks get 3% on all local transactions?<p>Our system is grounded on the requirement for growth, and somehow that has to change. There is nothing wrong with businesses that don&#x27;t grow and pay decent wages and serve their communities, but our economic regime heavily discounts companies that are not growing.
blisterpeanuts大约 9 年前
Just referring to the first section which was about AIDS, I&#x27;m curious about this statement:<p><i>&quot;For much of the 80’s, AIDS was killing thousands of people every year, and the official government response seemed to be: Who cares? Let the fags die.&quot;</i><p>I was around during the 80s, too, and I remember a tremendous national effort to address the problem. From 1982 on, there were crash research projects all over the US and Europe to figure out what AIDS was, and find ways to treat it.<p>I also remember the ACT UP group and especially the reports of them invading medical conferences and screaming verbal abuse and threats at the researchers.<p>You could have written a similar kind of &quot;What about us?&quot; article in 1935, when fully 25% of Americans were out of work and no prospects. Or in 1905, when the Progressive movement arose in response to the grim abuse of factory workers (as per Sinclair&#x27;s &quot;The Jungle&quot;). Or in 1890 when the robber barons were riding roughshod over small farmers and other businesses and American society was riven by vast injustice and income disparity. Or in 1875 when Blacks, freed from slavery, were disenfranchised, refused education, and put down violently all across the South. One could go on and on.<p>Things are not now, nor will they ever be, perfect. It&#x27;s always possible to find fault with the system. It&#x27;s important to keep trying to improve things.<p>Yet, I have to believe that the blogger who wrote this article has a roof over her head, not in danger of freezing to death for lack of utility payment, owns a computer, probably also a smartphone, probably also a car, and gets three square meals a day despite feeling underemployed or overlooked. In short, the poor and the victims of the vast economic changes that have convulsed our society are better off today than ever before.<p>At the same time, huge debts and vast regulatory structures have choked off the kind of small and medium businesses that at one time employed much of the middle class. We have a lot of work ahead of us to restructure our society and level the economic field once again. I think it&#x27;s possible.<p>New disruptive industries will arise that will afford fresh opportunities for young people. 3-D printing might be bringing manufacturing back to the U.S., for example. The energy sector, currently in a bit of a slump, nonetheless has a bright future between fracking and solar&#x2F;wind alternatives. The chemical industries are moving back to the U.S. thanks to rock bottom natural gas prices. There&#x27;s a lot to be hopeful for, actually.<p>Just my 2c.
AnimalMuppet将近 9 年前
Disclaimer: Very half-baked idea follows.<p>The problem seems to be rooted in automation replacing jobs faster than it creates new ones. The solution, then, may be to limit automation so that we have close to full employment.<p>The best (economically) way to limit automation is to tax it. You set the level of the tax, and basic economics does the rest. The jobs that are more economically done by humans (after the tax on automation) get done by humans. If there are still too many people unemployed, raise the tax. If the job market gets tight, lower it.<p>What could go wrong? Plenty:<p>The tax might not cover <i>all</i> forms of automation.<p>The tax might be set at levels that are politically determined, rather than for the effect on employment.<p>Raising and lowering this tax could react in unfortunate ways with the business cycle.<p>Foreign countries using automation could eat our lunch. We could to some degree handle that with tariffs, but they might respond with tariffs of their own and kill our exports.<p>I&#x27;m sure there are more possible problems that I haven&#x27;t thought of. Never the less, <i>in theory</i>, this might be a decent solution.
Animats大约 9 年前
The California suicide map is interesting. Coastal suicide rates are low until north of the Bay Area. Then they are very high.
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rm_-rf_slash大约 9 年前
I would call it consumeriat. Our consumption drives supply and we need it to fund things like infrastructure and technology that help us consume things better, and in the process the general standard of humanity rises (as long as there are sufficient resources and the planet is not too disrupted by climate change).
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platz大约 9 年前
relevant:<p>&quot;Bessen argues that during times of technological innovation, it often takes years before workers see higher wages from productivity increases. Bessen stresses the importance of the standardization of education on the job as workers adapt to new technology.&quot;<p><a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.econtalk.org&#x2F;archives&#x2F;2016&#x2F;05&#x2F;james_bessen_on.html" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.econtalk.org&#x2F;archives&#x2F;2016&#x2F;05&#x2F;james_bessen_on.htm...</a> James Bessen on Learning by Doing
gaur将近 9 年前
William F Buckley advocated for forcibly tattooing people? I guess he really was a crypto-Nazi after all.
koolba大约 9 年前
The map of suicides per capita are pretty depressing. 5x higher in the south west vs the east?!
tomlock大约 9 年前
The aids epidemic affected a much smaller community than the suicide and drug problem does, though. So I&#x27;m a little lost by the comparison.
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ArkyBeagle大约 9 年前
&lt;inserts entire James McMurtry catalog here&gt;