On reading just the abstract, there does not appear to be any control in this experiment. I'd have expected them to mention inclusion of election results known with certainty to not be fraudulent.<p>Likewise, I'd expect there to be proof of fraud by other reliable means in order to validate this method. It is not enough for them to just assert that there can be no other explanation for this data, so these were fraudulent results, so our method must be working.<p>Absent a control, the strong conclusion that fraud can be detected this way seems unsupported.