The paper [1] on AFLFast is, IMO, a great example of where academia shines: carefully looking at how and why something works, developing some theory and a working model, and then using that to get a substantial improvement on the state of the art (and doing a nice evaluation to show that it really works).<p>[1] <a href="https://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~mboehme/paper/CCS16.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~mboehme/paper/CCS16.pdf</a>