How Ketogenic Diets Curb Inflammation in the Brain

The problem with basically all of the keto science (this study included) is that it doesn&#x27;t adequately differentiate between the effects of a ketogenic diet and simple caloric restriction:<p>&gt; In rodents, ketogenic diets – and caloric restriction, in general – are known to reduce inflammation,<p>While there is some science showing differences in calorically balanced diets that vary in macronutrient composition, the truth is it is not strong, not well reproduced and there reasonable logical models that strongly bring the keto claims into question.<p>That doesn&#x27;t mean keto is stupid or not worth studying. It&#x27;s just that the interesting things about keto aren&#x27;t really the metabolic changes (which are controversial, and small even if existent), but the behavioral controls. Obviously it&#x27;s an oversimplification to draw a strict line between metabolism and compliance, but the point is the important difference with keto is that for some people it helps them <i>comply</i> to a calorically balanced diet, not that the macronutrient composition is making a difference.

<a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Ketogenic_diet" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Ketogenic_diet</a><p>&quot;The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, adequate-protein, low-carbohydrate diet that in medicine is used primarily to treat difficult-to-control (refractory) epilepsy in children. [...] Almost half of children, and young people, with epilepsy who have tried some form of this diet saw the number of seizures drop by at least half, and the effect persists even after discontinuing the diet.&quot;<p>doesn&#x27;t sound like just a fad.

kinda related: Richard Veech (not in OP article) is probably the doctor&#x2F;researcher (to my knowledge) has done the best research into ketosis, imo.<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;irp.nih.gov&#x2F;pi&#x2F;richard-veech" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;irp.nih.gov&#x2F;pi&#x2F;richard-veech</a><p><a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;drveech.com&#x2F;" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;drveech.com&#x2F;</a><p>He&#x27;s found some very interesting results about the improvement of cellular energy efficiency (thermodynamic improvement)&#x2F;cellular homeostasis due to keto throughout his career:<p>- neurons were less thermodynamically wasteful in terms of excess heat generated (because more efficient delta-G&#x2F;easier ionic potentials); and therefore, due to neuronal metabolic dysfunctions induced by concussions, ketosis was good for treating concussion. DARPA has apparently sunk quite a lot of money into his research of the treatment of concussions&#x2F;TBI (because of IEDs, etc) - e.g., this paper sponsored by DARPA <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x2F;pmc&#x2F;articles&#x2F;PMC5102124&#x2F;" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x2F;pmc&#x2F;articles&#x2F;PMC5102124&#x2F;</a><p>- cardiac cells too performed more efficiently with ketone bodies<p>(- if I recall correctly (which I&#x27;m not sure that I do..) some breeds of mice were able to hold their breath underwater for something ridiculous like 150% (or more?) of the normal length of time than control group mice could. I can&#x27;t seem to find the source for this.. [although, anecdotally, there have been 4 or 5 times when (in ketosis) I could hold my breath for &gt;2 minutes (timed) with ease, whereas out of ketosis I&#x27;d be barely capable of doing so after, say, 45 seconds..])

Work in this area is interesting but to me seems like pharma money as the focus is on messing with things that suck money for a long time and then end in cancer. Or put another way what happens to the carbs that are blocked from getting processed. Knowing which cell types are the most resistant to this intervention may have lots of value, but a new block buster drug would be a crime. So suck it up and learn to truly get into a ketogenic state then see where in the world you are. There is little research on multiyear ketogenic cohorts. Fasting which has many comparators to ketosis has been in most cultures for years. A general theme here is insulin sensitivity or better put lack there of. I do not see how this pathway disrupting mechanism helps to return insulin sensitivity for a person eating the diets recommended by pretty much all governments globally.

Can someone explain me what does &quot;extreme low-carbohydrate&quot; mean exactly? Is it 10% 20% of the daily intake?