Slightly out of date now but this gives you a good idea of what companies want (no why though)<p><a href="https://blog.whoishiring.io/june-2017-in-numbers/" rel="nofollow">https://blog.whoishiring.io/june-2017-in-numbers/</a>
COBOL and Fortran. Probably with some z/OS as well.<p>Much of the world's financial systems run on it, replacing it is infeasible, but the expert's in this area are aging out (and many have retired more than once). But the tech still needs maintaining, and is difficult to work with.<p>Fewer and fewer grad students seem interested in learning it, and the expectation that you'll stay and work on this stack for 20+ years is something that drives others away.
As for the web development the situation currently stabilized as an oligopoly between Facebook (React) and Google (Angular). Some projects are trying Vue, some leftover ones with Backbone, Meteor here and there, but it's overall a minor share.
Stackoverflow Insights might help answer your question:<p><a href="https://insights.stackoverflow.com/survey/2017#technology-languages-over-time" rel="nofollow">https://insights.stackoverflow.com/survey/2017#technology-la...</a>
Honestly not very exciting, and possible region specific to my neck of the woods (South Australia): Office 365 and Azure.<p>Every non-tech company, and even some tech companies seem to be moving whatever they can into Office 365 and Azure. Some are just moving Exchange, others are moving Sharepoint, and some are just using Azure as an alternative to running a VM farm on-prem (bit boring really). But MS is marketing this HARD here and everyone seems to be buying the message.<p>Plenty of lower-tier 'Infrastructure Admin' type roles going all over the place, most MSP's are looking for architecture and engineering types as well in fairly high numbers (I count about 20-30 such roles on Linkedin). A lot of Dev roles also seem to be angling towards "Experience with Data Lake/App Service/Some other Azure-ey thing is preferred".
In the .NET universe, demand seems to continue to grow in the UK, especially in the CMS landscape.<p>However, demand for lower-paying jobs using open-source CMS's like Umbraco seems to be rising, whereas the rates for contractors are rising for the enterprise level choices like Sitecore.<p>I mention contractor rates because in Bristol companies are struggling to keep experience in full-time development. For Umbraco, we're seeing the space grow with more full-time people, whereas if you're a developer that can work with Sitecore you can earn a LOT more by moving into contracting. Developers are going from £40-50k roles into £550-600 a day roles as contractors, earning over double what they were before. It's also lucrative for recruiters, as they get a percentage of a bigger overall salary.<p>Sure, it's fairly niche, and it's as unglamorous as it gets, but the work is there if you know this proprietary CMS as it is widely used by a number of large businesses based on its marketing platforms.
Looking at the local newspaper, C# Client Applications, C++/Java Business Applications and PHP+MySQL Websites with a few Node.js Jobs sprinkled in.<p>Some lonely ads are also asking for Ruby or Python.
Bash and sql, because it's what really keeps things running, despite constant claims by hipster-hackers about how you should be using something else.<p>Real IDE usage (vim/emacs).