For birds, TL;DR answer is that they can have regional dialects' [0].<p>The question isn't really whether they 'understand' each other, but whether the differences cause changes in behaviour. Some birds preferentially mate with others that sound most like themselves. Others, because nature is complicated, do the opposite.<p>[0] <a href="https://web.stanford.edu/group/stanfordbirds/text/essays/Vocal_Dialects.html" rel="nofollow">https://web.stanford.edu/group/stanfordbirds/text/essays/Voc...</a>