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The Insect Apocalypse Is Here

418 点作者 surbas超过 6 年前

31 条评论

gmoes超过 6 年前
I think the American suburban yard may be equally responsible with agriculture for a lot of this in the US. The use of herbicides and pesticides is completely unregulated. Additionally lawns are an unnecessary waste of time for most people and have a large carbon footprint. I had a small native plant yard that attracted hundreds of pollinators and arachnids. I was treated like and criminal forced to cut most of it down. I still get a fair amount of terrestrial arthropods but not as much.<p>It sickens me when I see workers with those sprayer packs or trucks that look like small chemical plants.<p>Before I decided to comment I submitted my write up, if you are interested you can read that you can read here:<p><a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.elegantcoding.com&#x2F;2018&#x2F;03&#x2F;reimagining-suburban-yard-to-reverse.html" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.elegantcoding.com&#x2F;2018&#x2F;03&#x2F;reimagining-suburban-ya...</a><p>Edit: I did want to mention that I definitely seen a massive decline in butterflies and moths over the last 15 years.<p>Update: I quoted 40 million acres below, which is for turf grass which probably includes athletic fields. I am not against everyone having a lawn or athletic fields. I do think people should be able to cultivate their native environment on their suburban property and this should be encouraged and even incentivized. My neighbor’s kids play in their backyard, so they have a need for it. Of course a non herbicide non monoculture lawn should work ok too. That’s what I grew up with.<p>Also I think that gas powered devices need to be replaced with electric devices. I think something like 17 million gallons of fuel are spilled alone in relation to lawn maintenance.<p>The thing that scares me is the normality of spraying for mosquitoes. In my area it’s the invasive Aedes mosquito species, the native species are a lot less aggressive. Also with some of these other very scary invasive species like the marmorated stink bug, ash borer, lantern fly, that new Asian tick, etc. Are we going to end up using more and more insecticides and subsequently kill more and more of our native fauna?
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bambax超过 6 年前
OT, but as I grow older I find it harder and harder to read those hyper-storified newspaper &quot;stories&quot;. I don&#x27;t care about the life story of all those people and their kids and how and why they were riding a bike in the forest 30 years ago.<p>It&#x27;s supposed to be a great progress in journalism to put people first and make stories relatable, but it&#x27;s gone too far -- and it always sound the same.<p>Bugs population is in sharp decline, here are the numbers, here are what scientists think are the causes, and the possible consequences, and the possible remedies -- is what I want to read.<p>Sorry for the rant.
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williamstein超过 6 年前
I remember being a kid in the Pacific Northwest in the 1970s. Whenever we went to a pond or lake in the woods, there would be little frogs and salamanders everywhere in the water. Now there aren&#x27;t and I find this mass extinction right before my eyes really, really disturbing. <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;blogs.scientificamerican.com&#x2F;extinction-countdown&#x2F;amphibians-declining-alarming&#x2F;" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;blogs.scientificamerican.com&#x2F;extinction-countdown&#x2F;am...</a>
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verytrivial超过 6 年前
Plausibly one of the Horsemen of the <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Holocene_extinction" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Holocene_extinction</a> .<p>Edit: Actually, I regret being flippant with this. I find this development gravely troubling.
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mikestew超过 6 年前
Reading this in the NYT this morning, added to other coming global disasters, it occurred to me that given there isn&#x27;t a <i>whole</i> lot I can do, my only regret is that I won&#x27;t live long enough to see the end of the movie.<p>Choke ourselves with CO2? Kill all the insects and the crops die off? (Maybe <i>that</i> was the disaster in _The Road_.) Something else even worse that we&#x27;re currently fucking up, and don&#x27;t even know it yet? Growing up, I thought it was going to be nuclear war, but I&#x27;m starting to think it will be not with a bang, but a whimper. But unfortunately, I can&#x27;t flip to the last chapter. I just want to know how it ends. :-)
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hyperion2010超过 6 年前
I wonder whether there might not also be additional factors that we have not considered. For example, insect viruses. We know that when human populations mixed between continents upwards of 95% of one population vanished due to disease. Very few people study insect diseases (and are usually just happy that a &#x27;pest&#x27; has been killed), and there are so many species it would be a nearly impossible task to study them all. Globalization is now mixing members of all species and their diseases with them. It would not surprise me if part of this drastic decline was also due to massively virulent diseases sweeping through completely unprepared populations just as European diseases did to the indigenous populations of the Americas.
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christophilus超过 6 年前
I think we could fix this before it&#x27;s too late. Anectdata, but I have my own yard, and a big chunk of it is now overgrown with strawberries (it basically looks like ivy, so the neighbors think it&#x27;s fine). Insects love that patch of the yard. Combined with a handful of &quot;wild&quot; areas where I let the natives and wildflowers grow untended all season, my yard was swarming with fireflies, June bugs, butterflies, random pollinators I&#x27;ve never seen before and the occasional chipmunk.<p>None of my neighbor&#x27;s yards are remotely close to the biodiversity I have. My neighbors all spray for weed and mosquito control. If we mandated that a certain portion of our green spaces had to be reserved for insect and bird life, if we mandated a certain portion be meadows, basically, unsprayed, untreated, untouched, I think it&#x27;d go a long way to improving things.
post_break超过 6 年前
I forget where I was reading about this but it was a trucker commenting on this. He had been driving trucks since the 70&#x27;s supposedly and everyone was saying how there are no bugs on the windshields. He said he noticed that it came in waves. Some years, tons of bugs, others none. Now I know this is some unverified person on the internet that I can&#x27;t find the source to, but it was interesting to hear if true.
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scottlocklin超过 6 年前
I like how the conversation here degenerated into arguments about watering your lawn; something which isn&#x27;t really done in Germany, where this phenomenon was first noticed.<p>FWIIW I noticed the lack of bugs mostly by noticing Spain seems to still have a lot of bugs sticking to the windshield (not so in Germany). Also the total lack of lightning bugs when I moved back to New England after two decades.
nakedrobot2超过 6 年前
There is not one mention of glyphosate (or Roundup) in this article. Why?<p>If I had to bet on one overriding cause of this, it&#x27;s glyphosate.
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maxnocker超过 6 年前
I live in northern Italy and cannot confirm this thesis and I would say even the opposite for my region. I never noticed so many insect than now and every year are coming new species. The population of this new species is multiplying rapidly!
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lixtra超过 6 年前
Can this be explained due to changed land usage? For example [1]? Anecdotaly, I experience huge differences. The wild places seems to be humming as 20 years ago but there are less and less wild places.<p>[1] <a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;archive.is&#x2F;UUgzj" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;archive.is&#x2F;UUgzj</a><p>Edit: Improved English.
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partiallypro超过 6 年前
Strangely I&#x27;ve been reading the opposite should be occurring: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.uvm.edu&#x2F;gund&#x2F;news&#x2F;global-warming-more-insects-hungrier-crops" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.uvm.edu&#x2F;gund&#x2F;news&#x2F;global-warming-more-insects-hu...</a><p>Global warming should be increasing insect metabolism and their populations.<p>I think it&#x27;s very possible that we actually don&#x27;t know what&#x27;s happening, or if our solutions are making things worse as we try to engineer nature back to what we believe to be the &quot;natural state.&quot; The only thing we can do is try to be as clean as possible, but I often wonder if what we find as solutions now are just going to cause massive problems in the future. There is no way to really tell.
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LiterallyDoge超过 6 年前
In case you were as annoyed as me by the verbosity:<p>&quot;[A] 2014 review in Science tried to quantify these declines by synthesizing the findings of existing studies and found that a majority of monitored species were declining, on average by 45 percent.&quot;
agumonkey超过 6 年前
Another thing that strikes me is that this &#x27;science&#x27; comes from informal~ groups of passionated people. No market to be seen here. Yet it&#x27;s the foundation of our lives..
acdanger超过 6 年前
In an ecological sense, what are the downsides of humanity killing itself off in the very near future? It seems like nothing but a net-positive for the rest of life residing on earth.
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bumble_超过 6 年前
While it seems sensible to turn and look at our use of pesticides for the cause of the decline in insect populations there appears to be another, much more sinister, element at play.<p>&quot;Goldenrod, a wildflower many consider a weed, is extremely important to bees. It flowers late in the season, and its pollen provides an important source of protein for bees as they head into the harshness of winter. Since goldenrod is wild and humans haven’t bred it into new strains, it hasn’t changed over time as much as, say, corn or wheat. And the Smithsonian Institution also happens to have hundreds of samples of goldenrod, dating back to 1842, in its massive historical archive—which gave Ziska and his colleagues a chance to figure out how one plant has changed over time.<p>They found that the protein content of goldenrod pollen has declined by a third since the industrial revolution—and the change closely tracks with the rise in CO2. Scientists have been trying to figure out why bee populations around the world have been in decline, which threatens many crops that rely on bees for pollination. Ziska’s paper suggested that a decline in protein prior to winter could be an additional factor making it hard for bees to survive other stressors.&quot;<p>I suspect there are multiple vectors involved in the observed declines and we have reached the tipping point where past colony sizes can simply no longer be sustained given the increasing pressures on multiple fronts.<p>Source: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.politico.com&#x2F;agenda&#x2F;story&#x2F;2017&#x2F;09&#x2F;13&#x2F;food-nutrients-carbon-dioxide-000511" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.politico.com&#x2F;agenda&#x2F;story&#x2F;2017&#x2F;09&#x2F;13&#x2F;food-nutrie...</a>
giardini超过 6 年前
This study appears to be yet another alarmist rehash of what has been previously discussed on HN: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;news.ycombinator.com&#x2F;item?id=14323533" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;news.ycombinator.com&#x2F;item?id=14323533</a><p>Here&#x27;s one of the original papers:<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.farmlandbirds.net&#x2F;sites&#x2F;default&#x2F;files&#x2F;Orbrioch%2.." rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.farmlandbirds.net&#x2F;sites&#x2F;default&#x2F;files&#x2F;Orbrioch%2...</a>.<p>The 75% decline number appears to be from two data points from a 220-acre plot. From that paper:<p>&quot;What follows is a description of measured Insect-Biomasses from samples collected in the Orbroich Bruch Nature Reserve, near Krefeld, using Malaise Insect Traps. The results show that, in the same two areas, sampled in the years 1989 and 2013, there was a dramatic fall in the number of flying insects. Using the same traps, in the same areas, significant reductions of insect populations, of more than 75%, were found. Our data confirms, that in the areas studied, less than 25% of the original number of flying insects collected in 1989, were still present in 2013.&quot;<p>&quot;The Orboicher Bruch, to the Northwest of Krefeld, is a designated Nature Reserve of around 100 hectares (220 acres). Due to the reserve’s relatively remote location and its rugged landscape, intensive farming came to the area only recently.&quot;<p>So alarmists are extrapolating from two data points (years 1989 and 2013) for a 220-hectare plot of German farmland to the entire world. I think that is a bit of a stretch, even for statistics.<p>Since different bugs breed in different seasons, and numbers depend on the fruitfulness of previous generations, food supply, predation, disease, temperature and so on, this bug weight could vary considerably from year to year (or site to site) for any number of reasons. While one year cicadas thrive, the next year there may be none.<p>BTW they&#x27;re measuring the weight of dead bugs - not how many bugs or what species of bugs - just the weight of bugs. Actually they&#x27;re not even measuring that, they&#x27;re measuring the weight of dead bugs&#x27; soaked in 70-80% alcohol.<p>I could go on and on about controls in statistical experiments but I think you get the idea.<p>See the original HN posting for discussions pointers to the earlier papers.
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mensetmanusman超过 6 年前
This would seem like a good time to invest in urban, vertical, pestacide-free farming enterprises. Anyone have recommended trading companies?<p>On another note, evolution is an interesting discussion point. <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.smithsonianmag.com&#x2F;smart-news&#x2F;are-birds-evolving-to-avoid-cars-3530859&#x2F;" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.smithsonianmag.com&#x2F;smart-news&#x2F;are-birds-evolving...</a><p>I’m reminded of Henry Ford’s attempt to industrialize natural rubber production and the evolution of the insects in response that made his endeavor very challenging. Are some insects simply avoiding ‘grey patches of death’ ?
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fallingfrog超过 6 年前
I’m seeing a lot of people giving anecdata here but it’s very easy to fool yourself and imho this feels like a story that is going to need a lot more study for us to understand what’s really going on. I can’t think of any obvious reason that either climate change or pesticide use in areas hundreds of miles away would affect insect populations. But, there’s a lot I don’t know. So let’s find out but not panic.
brianlweiner超过 6 年前
Is it not possible to breed insects to try and replace some portion of the natural base population? Obviously other changes causing the population loss would also have to occur (e.g more responsible use of insecticides, less reliance on monoculture agriculture) - but insects are pretty good at reproducing so I&#x27;d think this is at least something we could try and ameliorate.
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pbreit超过 6 年前
Isn&#x27;t there an &quot;insect apocalypse&quot; every few years and never actually coming to any sort of fruition?
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agumonkey超过 6 年前
Should we build tiny insect&#x2F;animal greenhouses ? to compensate and restart their population ?
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dawnerd超过 6 年前
Noticed fewer spiders in my house this year. Last year I couldn’t go a day without a couple on the walls. Other bug populations seem higher though here in the PNW. Been finding a lot of little beetles? On my walls, plenty of ants and flys.
crispinb超过 6 年前
Anyone still think a hominid with cognitive facilities honed by evolutionary processes for small group interactions is (magically) up to the task of managing a global civilisation?
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kakarot超过 6 年前
I&#x27;d always thought the Insect Apocalypse would be a little different. You know, like Evolution or Killer Bees or basically any scenario where <i>we&#x27;re</i> the ones dying.
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PavlovsCat超过 6 年前
How would one donate money to these specific people? What others are similarly no-nonsense and worthy of support?<p>&gt; <i>For some scientists, the study created a moment of reckoning. “Scientists thought this data was too boring,” Dunn says. “But these people found it beautiful, and they loved it. They were the ones paying attention to Earth for all the rest of us.”</i><p>Why don&#x27;t we support that more? That was my first thought, and then I remember we instead kinda empower those that subvert it, e.g<p>&gt; <i>In particular, domestic surveillance has systematically targeted peaceful environment activists including anti-fracking activists across the US, such as the Gas Drilling Awareness Coalition, Rising Tide North America, the People&#x27;s Oil &amp; Gas Collaborative, and Greenpeace. Similar trends are at play in the UK, where the case of undercover policeman Mark Kennedy revealed the extent of the state&#x27;s involvement in monitoring the environmental direct action movement.</i><p>&gt; <i>A University of Bath study citing the Kennedy case, and based on confidential sources, found that a whole range of corporations - such as McDonald&#x27;s, Nestle and the oil major Shell, &quot;use covert methods to gather intelligence on activist groups, counter criticism of their strategies and practices, and evade accountability.&quot;</i><p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.theguardian.com&#x2F;environment&#x2F;earth-insight&#x2F;2013&#x2F;jun&#x2F;14&#x2F;climate-change-energy-shocks-nsa-prism" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.theguardian.com&#x2F;environment&#x2F;earth-insight&#x2F;2013&#x2F;j...</a><p>Collectively, we&#x27;re kinda like a youth on a motorbike riding without a helmet because their peers might find that &quot;gay&quot;. By that I mean, the main hindrance is in our head, it&#x27;s not that it&#x27;s <i>so</i> hard to put a helmet on, compared to the power of habit, memes, peer pressure. And yes, when you actually are in that situation, it can be powerful -- but in hindsight, you sometimes realize all the options you had but dismissed.<p>&gt; <i>It&#x27;s pretty ironic that the so-called &#x27;least advantaged&#x27; people are the ones taking the lead in trying to protect all of us, while the richest and most powerful among us are the ones who are trying to drive the society to destruction.</i><p>-- Noam Chomsky<p>Just take that &quot;paying for popularity can be fraud&quot; article. I found it interesting from a technical&#x2F;legal perspective, but the discussion itself is in big parts around the morality of it, namely how it&#x27;s fine because &quot;everybody does it, that&#x27;s what a startup <i>needs</i> to do, etc.&quot;. My point isn&#x27;t that that&#x27;s so horrible and the reason the insects are gone, but compare that with this:<p>&gt; <i>And his insect work is really all he wants to talk about. “We think details about nature and biodiversity declines are important, not details about life histories of entomologists,” Sorg explained after he and Werner Stenmans, a society member whose name appeared alongside Sorg’s on the 2017 paper, dismissed my questions about their day jobs. Leery of an article that focused on him as a person, Sorg also didn’t want to talk about what drew him to entomology as a child or even what it was about certain types of wasps that had made him want to devote so much of his life to studying them.</i><p>That&#x27;s not sexy, that&#x27;s not &quot;how it&#x27;s done in the modern world&quot; -- but it could be argued that it&#x27;s how it <i>should</i> be done, and if we were more serious, too, then being so &quot;dry&quot; would be no problem at all. Just like not paying for popularity would be fine if <i>nobody</i> does it, and might make the marketplace a lot more efficient and friendly, as well save a lot of energy and resources. The notion of Kant&#x27;s categorical imperative doesn&#x27;t <i>have</i> to be completely absent from our thinking, we could rediscover it. Then maybe we could be talking about our survival as a species in a world that&#x27;s worth living in.<p>Sorry for being being polemic, but frankly, my initial reaction to this article was to actually sob for a few minutes. This hurts like hell. I was alarmed by talk of bees disappearing over 10 years ago, but like everybody else I had &quot;other shit to do&quot;, and I simply can&#x27;t bear see it all play out in my lifetime. Because I know all the CRAP we distracted ourselves with, and I see how we lie about that later on. First the smug condescion towards those taking anything &quot;too seriously&quot; we don&#x27;t want to take seriously or don&#x27;t understand yet, and then instantly jumping to &quot;oh well, it&#x27;s too late, nothing anyone could have done&quot;. There always were and are small little voices, and we always mostly ignore them, and pretend that&#x27;s being mature and realistic, instead of cowardly or foolish.<p>Let&#x27;s change. We actually can. And let&#x27;s start with stopping to excuse our own (in)actions with what everybody does, or &quot;how humans are&quot;.<p><pre><code> Let nothing be called natural In an age of bloody confusion, Ordered disorder, planned caprice, And dehumanized humanity, lest all things Be held unalterable! </code></pre> -- Bertolt Brecht, &quot;The Exception and the Rule&quot; (1937)<p><pre><code> But go not &quot;back to the sediment&quot; In the slime of the moaning sea, For a better world belongs to you, And a better friend to me. </code></pre> -- Voltairine de Cleyre
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thrower123超过 6 年前
The Times is really going hard on the gloom and doom lately<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;news.ycombinator.com&#x2F;from?site=nytimes.com" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;news.ycombinator.com&#x2F;from?site=nytimes.com</a>
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apatters超过 6 年前
I clicked mainly because the clickbaitiness of the headline annoyed me and I wanted to inform myself a bit before complaining about it. The NYT rewarded me by telling me I have one less free article this month. That annoyed me even more so I hit back.<p>They are very smart over there, and the NYT didn&#x27;t get where it is thanks to short term thinking. Surely they have thought about what a bad experience clickbait is and how much it damages their brand.
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jason46超过 6 年前
Why won&#x27;t all the fleas die
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dmitriid超过 6 年前
What is it with modern journalism that everything has to start with two screens of personal stories?<p>The article stands on its own without the story of a boy, and his father, and their ancestors, and personal experiences.
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