Reading Judea Pearl is recommended. You might begin with <i>The Book of Why</i> and then do a deep dive. Michael Neilson has a good blog post on the issue: <a href="http://www.michaelnielsen.org/ddi/if-correlation-doesnt-imply-causation-then-what-does/" rel="nofollow">http://www.michaelnielsen.org/ddi/if-correlation-doesnt-impl...</a> with interesting comments by Judea Pearl at <a href="http://www.michaelnielsen.org/ddi/guest-post-judea-pearl-on-correlation-causation-and-the-psychology-of-simpsons-paradox/" rel="nofollow">http://www.michaelnielsen.org/ddi/guest-post-judea-pearl-on-...</a>.
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