Interesting!<p>> The above figures were all produced by assuming average or typical cases. To be fair, it is entirely possible for a bicycle rider to deliberately eat only locally grown and unprocessed foods. In that case, the ratio of primary energy to food calories is closer to 1:1 (Günther 3). Combined with a metabolic efficiency of 25%, this increases the human energy efficiency to 1:4, slightly better than the lithium-ion electric bike.<p>> ...<p>> Conclusion: ... Despite the intuitive sense that electric bikes would require more resources than regular bikes, life-cycle analysis shows that they actually consume 2-4 times less primary energy than human riders eating a conventional diet. This conclusion is largely due to the considerable amount of transportation and processing energy that is associated with our western food system.