Assuming that you're generally healthy, not deprived of sleep or otherwise dealing with fatigue, and you don't have sleep apnea, this sounds like a classic description of ADHD. I'm not a doctor though, so take it with a grain of salt; do your research and/or talk to a licensed professional if you have concerns.<p>My experience of ADHD feels like getting distracted by my own thoughts. Mind wandering at inopportune times, or random thoughts popping into my head. It tends to happen when I'm not effectively engaged by what I'm reading or who I'm listening to.<p>I generally try to be mindful and aware of my attention and thoughts, to refocus whenever I notice myself wandering off. I try this as frequently as possible, and try to build a habit out of it.<p>When listening to others explain things, I try to be an active listener. Rephrase what they just said in your own words, as best you can. Engage in discussion whenever possible/polite.<p>When reading, I like to Doodle, rewrite in my own words, or otherwise find ways to engage with what I'm reading.<p>Generally, improving one's focus takes time and practice, like any other skill.