From the US perspective, other countries YMMV:<p>I tend to say confirmatory statements such as "I understand," "I follow you," "I hear what you're saying.", in contrast to "Mmhmm","yep","yeah","totally","right", or other phrases which indicate assent.<p>Protip: Avoid use of phrases which indicate you're about to turn the tables on them until they get a chance to get their full thoughts out, such as "ok" (depending on tone), "yes, but", etc. Ask probing questions which draw out assumptions and fully understand their POV first. Being heard and understood makes it a lot easier to have a conversation on the merits.<p>If you're in India though, you can use the sideways head bobble. Super effective. (I am not Indian but work in/with many from that culture)