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Invert, always, invert

678 点作者 anupj将近 5 年前

54 条评论

nate将近 5 年前
This is also a great way to surprise people.<p>Surprise seems to be one of the most important ingredients to getting things to spread (I won&#x27;t quote the academic or anecdotal research of that here.) So I use this inversion analysis often in thinking about coming up with ways of surprising people. My most successful example of this:<p>I was originally thinking, &quot;How can I get more customers?&quot;<p>Inverting it I came up with, &quot;How can I lose more customers?&quot; (A different inversion from the OP&#x27;s but an inversion nonetheless).<p>Using that as my base I came up with this funny campaign where I tried to figure out how to fire more of my customers. What if I could fire the worst of my customers. So I invented a honey pot website called trickajournalist.com where I described some software you could signup for to spam journalists. And then I used the list of people who signed up for that and banned them from using my product that had an email newsletter component. We didn&#x27;t want spammers.<p>It was a nice media&#x2F;traffic win for what we were doing. And it all came from inverting what we originally struggled to answer.<p>P.S. If you&#x27;re interested more in the whole trickajournalist.com thing, the original site is dead now, but some articles about it:<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.forbes.com&#x2F;sites&#x2F;nathankontny&#x2F;2018&#x2F;02&#x2F;27&#x2F;trick-a-journalist%E2%80%8A-%E2%80%8Athe-next-innovation-in-email-marketing&#x2F;#42d395f91d25" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.forbes.com&#x2F;sites&#x2F;nathankontny&#x2F;2018&#x2F;02&#x2F;27&#x2F;trick-a...</a><p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.forbes.com&#x2F;sites&#x2F;nathankontny&#x2F;2018&#x2F;03&#x2F;08&#x2F;reddit-banned-me-so-why-didnt-google-and-facebook&#x2F;#1702cd5f15a2" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.forbes.com&#x2F;sites&#x2F;nathankontny&#x2F;2018&#x2F;03&#x2F;08&#x2F;reddit-...</a>
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mlangenberg将近 5 年前
As a software developer I have been doing this exact thing for the past twelve years: think of all the possible reasons why something can fail.<p>The downside is that I have trained my mind in such a way that it is difficult to turn it off outside of work and it is influencing my personal live negatively.<p>(or maybe I&#x27;m just wired to be a doom thinker and that is what makes me a good software engineer)
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philwelch将近 5 年前
A cool example of this principle in action is to read the WWII-era “Simple Sabotage Field Manual” (<a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.cia.gov&#x2F;news-information&#x2F;featured-story-archive&#x2F;2012-featured-story-archive&#x2F;CleanedUOSSSimpleSabotage_sm.pdf" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.cia.gov&#x2F;news-information&#x2F;featured-story-archive&#x2F;...</a>), which reads like an inverted guide to productivity. Some fun bits:<p>&gt; Managers and Supervisors: To lower morale and production, think of the worst boss you’ve had and act like that. Be pleasant to inefficient workers; give them undeserved promotions. Discriminate against efficient workers; complain unjustly about their work. When possible, refer all matters to committees for &quot;further study and consideration.&quot; Attempt to make the committees as large and bureaucratic as possible.<p>&gt; Employees: Be forgetful. Clumsy. Work slowly. Think of ways to increase the number of movements needed to do your job: use a light hammer instead of a heavy one; try to make a small wrench do instead of a big one.<p>&gt; When possible, refer all matters to committees, for &quot;further study and consideration.&quot; Attempt to make the committees as large as possible - never less than five.<p>&gt; Apply all regulations to the last letter.<p>Admittedly, some of the techniques—like releasing a bag full of moths in a movie theater to disrupt enemy propaganda—are oddly specific and not easily inverted.
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seanpquig将近 5 年前
I work on the algorithm for a widely used search engine and can confirm that this line of thinking has been very effective in improving our product over the years.<p>Rather than trying to generate hypothetical ideas for &quot;how can we make our search better&quot;, we spend a lot of time analyzing our data to find where we are failing. Many of our biggest relevance improvements have come from tracking and understanding the types of queries where we consistently fail to generate results or user engagement.<p>I think it is a very effective approach, but can require some discipline and perspective. When you spend so much time focusing on the failures of your product, it can create this internal perception that the product is constantly failing and broken. So you do need to actively remember what you&#x27;re doing well and how far you&#x27;ve come as a team&#x2F;product.
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lentil将近 5 年前
One of the ways to apply this inverted thinking is to conduct a &quot;pre-mortem&quot; at the start of a project. By deliberately imagining that something has failed, and speculating about the reasons, you can sometimes uncover useful steps that prevent those imagined failures from actually happening.<p>I&#x27;ve found this can be quite useful, both for minimizing risk, and also (interestingly) as a source for new product&#x2F;feature ideas.
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jermier将近 5 年前
I use an old inversion technique. Not sure where I read this, and I think Tim Ferris said it:<p><pre><code> The last thing you want to do is the first thing you should do </code></pre> There is always something mega pertinent on my TODO lists that I really don&#x27;t want to do, and it calls out my name when I sleep saying: &#x27;You really need to do this&#x27; and the feeling of procrastination makes you feel ashamed of having not completed the task. But it gets done thanks to inversion, and I proudly check it off as being done, until the next task I don&#x27;t want to do comes along (and yes it will come along).
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rwmj将近 5 年前
Is the example correct?<p><i>&gt; Instead of asking how do we increase the adoption of a product or feature? You could instead consider - what are some of things preventing adoption?</i><p>Surely to invert the question you&#x27;d want to consider how do I deliberately decrease adoption of the product? It might lead to some of the same answers, like make it slower. But also to different ones, like constantly bad-mouth my own product on social media. (Which would indicate a path to adoption is to rigorously rebut criticism using Google Alerts.)<p>Edit: I think the difference is if I&#x27;m only looking for what about my current product prevents adoption, then I&#x27;ve narrowed my scope to looking at aspects of my current product. Whereas if I blue-sky think about ways to make the product bad, that allows a broader range of solutions for making it good.
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load将近 5 年前
The inversion principle is a great mental model in my opinion. The best way I can sum it up in the most basic way is instead of thinking &quot;What can I do to [achieve goal]?&quot;, think &quot;What is preventing me from [achieving goal]?&quot;.<p>If some of you like this, I suggest delving into the &#x27;mental model&#x27; rabbit hole. There&#x27;s some pretty inspiring stuff on it.
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corry将近 5 年前
Reminds one of PG&#x27;s &quot;just don&#x27;t die and you become rich&quot; advice for startup founders.<p>FWIW, the best founders I&#x27;ve met within YC or outside of it have this paradoxical quality that takes high optimism about the future of their company and combines it with extreme gritty paranoia about the short-term things that could derail or kill you.
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knodi123将近 5 年前
A similar principle from the ancient boardgame of Go is, &quot;Your opponents best move is your best move.&quot; i.e. sometimes it can be hard to see what the most advantageous move is for you. but if you can see your opponent&#x27;s most advantageous move, then just steal that one.
klodolph将近 5 年前
This is how I summarize my time in photography classes.<p>- What’s in focus? (What’s out of focus?)<p>- What’s in light? (What’s in shadow?)<p>- Where is the light coming from? (Where is the light <i>not</i> coming from?)<p>- What’s in the foreground? (What’s in the background?)<p>- Positive space &#x2F; negative space<p>Similar things end up happening in audio. You want to set up a microphone to record something, it’s usually better to point the microphone <i>away</i> from the noise that you don’t want, instead of <i>towards</i> the sound that you do want. When you’re EQing, you usually want to remove unwanted frequencies rather than boost wanted frequencies. Etc.
codezero将近 5 年前
That’s fun. My personal version of this is when I’m stuck on a problem at home or work I’ll lay down on the ground and look up at the ceiling or lay on a couch with my head hanging off to see the room upside down.<p>Surveying an area I’m familiar with from a weird perspective always sparks new ideas for me because I almost always also see something new in that familiar place because of the positioning.<p>In doing so, it helps me unblock other thought processes.
davecap1将近 5 年前
Interesting way of describing&#x2F;thinking about hazard or risk analysis which is applied in many industries through ISO standard frameworks such as ISO 14971 for medical devices (but is also used elsewhere). Risk analysis complements requirements analysis in that risk mitigation plans become requirements of the system (if the risks meet some threshold).
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pgt将近 5 年前
The article gets it right, but &quot;man muss immer umkehren,&quot; is better translated as &quot;man must always turn upside down&quot;, &quot;inside out,&quot; &quot;turn back&quot; or &quot;reverse&quot; depending on the context.<p>In Afrikaans, &quot;omkeer&quot; is derived from the Germanic umkehren and would be used as changing direction (in a military sense) or upside down as in &#x27;leave no stone unturned.&#x27;<p>Strangely, nowadays I would refer to inverting your trousers as &quot;binneste-buite&quot; (inside-out) or &quot;uitkeer&quot; in Afrikaans: roughly &#x27;about face&#x27;.
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l0b0将近 5 年前
What is the difference between a bug report and a feature request? Is it simply that a bug report is something the system should already be doing, either because it&#x27;s an advertised feature or it&#x27;s something which is universally expected from that kind of software, while a feature request is about something which the system does not do, does not advertise that it does, and is <i>not</i> expected to be there by default? If so, we should be able to &quot;invert&quot; any bug report into a feature request (and vice versa), which could gain some insight by looking at it in a different way.<p>Another thing we could do is write a feature request — which often over-specifies what should be done in a classic up-front design way — like a bug report, which usually only specifies a <i>goal</i> which we can&#x27;t yet achieve, rather than how it should be achieved.<p>Yet another thing which would be interesting is TDD-style tickets. Rather than simply explaining the happy path to a goal they could explain the various things which could <i>prevent</i> someone from reaching that goal: invalid inputs, missing permissions, inaccessible dependencies, missing UI, etc.
ibejoeb将近 5 年前
The technique is also pretty good for acknowledging one&#x27;s own personal decisions and being ok with them. For example:<p>What&#x27;s preventing me from being richer, more powerful, more famous?<p>Perhaps you&#x27;d give up privacy, autonomy, free time. That might be all it takes to realize that happiness and performance are not always, or even often, the same.
agumonkey将近 5 年前
Funny a few years ago I thought that Failure Oriented Design could be a nice starting point. Think about all the failures&#x2F;errors, the remaining space will then be a safe playground.
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joe_the_user将近 5 年前
It&#x27;s Staparfi, it&#x27;s always STA-PAR-FI!<p>That is:<p>Standard: Start with standard, commonly applicable piece of advice. Lists of these can be found many places (for example, &quot;to achieve success, avoid failure&quot;).<p>Paradoxical: Reformulate in terminology that&#x27;s opaque, paradoxical, jargony and truncated (OPJART!)<p>Fixation: Claim that&#x27;s always true, that it&#x27;s best thing since sliced bread. etc. Your audience will recoil but some of them will work and realize there&#x27;s some good advice in your stream of jargon. And having <i>worked</i> at getting this understanding, they will value it more and be happy to endorse the exaggerated value you&#x27;re assigning to your jargon and your point, which is, indeed, something that is true moderately often.<p>STA-PAR-FI! This phrase can launch a thousand consultancies.
kwhitefoot将近 5 年前
It seems to me that a better English equivalent to <i>umkehren</i> would be <i>turn around</i>. That also fits the text of the article better. That is to say look at the problem from the other side, form another angle. Invert is simultaneously too specific (leading to formulaic methods) and too ambiguous (leading to pointless discussions of whether it means considering putting the steering wheel at the back or on the other side when in fact it means do both).<p>See <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wiktionary.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;umkehren" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wiktionary.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;umkehren</a><p>Edit: fixed typo.
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maire将近 5 年前
Murphy&#x27;s law is a more humorous way of saying the same thing.<p>&quot;If something can go wrong it will go wrong.&quot;<p>There are earlier references - but Murphy&#x27;s Law is associated with high g-force testing just after WWII. The team used Murphy&#x27;s law to anticipate every possible failure and prevent it before the experiment ended in death. There is nothing like death to sharpen your focus.<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Murphy%27s_law" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Murphy%27s_law</a>
mark-r将近 5 年前
Has anybody else ever noticed that mazes are easier to solve if you start at the end and work backwards?
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amelius将近 5 年前
Why only invert? For example when designing a car, don&#x27;t just consider putting the steering wheel in the front or in the back. But also consider left and right.
ajra将近 5 年前
Great advice! I have to say though, I love the irony of the author mentioning reducing investment losses by asking the question &quot;Am I diversifying enough to prevent long term loss?&quot; when Munger+Buffett have the opposite view of diversification for the savvy investor - <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.youtube.com&#x2F;watch?v=ZJzu_xItNkY" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.youtube.com&#x2F;watch?v=ZJzu_xItNkY</a>
larrydag将近 5 年前
This reminds me of the Dual in Linear Programming.<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Dual_linear_program" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Dual_linear_program</a><p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;web.stanford.edu&#x2F;~ashishg&#x2F;msande111&#x2F;notes&#x2F;chapter4.pdf" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;web.stanford.edu&#x2F;~ashishg&#x2F;msande111&#x2F;notes&#x2F;chapter4.p...</a>
arjitkp将近 5 年前
I have actually saw quite a few examples of Inversion<p>* Herta Herzog laid the foundation for the basis of modern media psychology, but simply inverting.<p>What do media do to people --&gt; What people do with media.<p>This shifts focus from strong media influences to human being an active consumer of media.<p>* In statistical testing is fundamentally based on the principle of inversion, if the resulting statistic can be used as an evidence to reject the null or favour the alternative.
sergioro将近 5 年前
Related passage from Bell&#x27;s &quot;Men of Mathematics&quot;:<p><pre><code> It (inversion) is one of the most powerful methods of mathematical discovery (or invention) ever devised, and Abel was the first human being to use it consciously as an engine of research. &quot;You must always invert,&quot; as Jacobi said when asked the secret of his mathematical discoveries.</code></pre>
blunte将近 5 年前
Perhaps always invert but after approaching the problem from the front.<p>I would apply the 80&#x2F;20 rule from both directions (so in theory perhaps spending up to 40% effort) to get the best chance of success. And really, you can&#x27;t invert without first knowing enough about the problem you&#x27;re trying to solve.
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uses将近 5 年前
This feels too similar to my default mode of thinking, which is risk aversion, and constantly thinking about what can go wrong, and then steering away from that. Is that because this concept isn&#x27;t really for me, like it&#x27;s more helpful for go-getter optimists?
2bitencryption将近 5 年前
Reminds me of how an AI agent that tries to minimize the worst case scenario is almost always better than one that tries to maximize the best case scenario.<p>(admittedly that&#x27;s a bit anecdotal, maybe someone with more knowledge can give better details on that statement)
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gweinberg将近 5 年前
Well, obviously you don&#x27;t always want to invert, since inverting twice will just get you back to where you started. In fact, you have to be doing worse than random guessing initially if inverting the problem in general makes it easier to solve.
dctoedt将近 5 年前
I have an &quot;Invert&quot;-related question for the HN hive mind — see below for the question, and why it&#x27;s not off-topic: I&#x27;m a pretty-senior lawyer and part-time law professor; I&#x27;m working on turning some of my accumulated contract clauses and course materials into a &quot;fair and balanced,&quot; annotated, contract <i>framework</i>, in the form of a plain HTML document w&#x2F; some CSS styling, to support using shorter contracts in business.<p>EXAMPLE: Instead of doing a full-blown NDA, parties could agree, in an email exchange, that Party A will keep Party B&#x27;s confidential information secret in accordance with the [name] Confidential Information Clause — presto, an enforceable NDA (in most jurisdictions).<p>I&#x27;ll be posting the whole thing online for free under some kind of Creative Commons license, in part for my students, and in part in the hope that if people start to use it, <i>eventually</i> I won&#x27;t have to spend so much time reviewing random contract language for clients.<p>The current corpus includes clauses for confidentiality; consulting services; software warranties and disclaimers; limitations of liability; terms of service; payment terms; referral payments; channel partnerships; consulting services; indemnity ground rules; and other things.<p>I&#x27;m trying to follow (part of) the Unix philosophy: Each clause should do basically one thing, and do it well, with as few dependencies as possible (maximize orthogonality).<p>The materials also have numerous planning checklists for spotting issues that can come up.<p>The clauses incorporate typical wish-list items that work for both sides. In a prior life, I was the general counsel for a software company, and customers&#x27; lawyers liked that balanced approach very much because it reduced their workload; our sales people likewise liked the fact that the balanced approach helped get us to signature sooner, without screwing around with anatomy-measuring, &quot;art of the deal&quot; game playing.<p>The clauses are extensively annotated with citations to real-world cases where problems arose — sometimes, big problems — explaining how the clause language seeks to avoid the problems, again in ways that work for both parties.<p>For improved readability, I&#x27;m using Python-like indentation to avoid long, wall-of-words paragraphs of dense legalese. (That&#x27;s proving very popular with my clients&#x27; business people.)<p>HERE&#x27;S THE QUESTION: Apropos of the &quot;Invert&quot; subject of the posted article, should this contract framework be positioned as:<p>1. a vitamin — &quot;balanced, readable terms to help you get workable contracts to signature sooner,&quot;<p>or<p>2. aspirin - &quot;learn from others&#x27; failures by adopting the [name] framework in your contracts.&quot;<p>All input gratefully received.
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alexpetralia将近 5 年前
I wonder if this is better described as &quot;solution-oriented&quot; problem solving versus &quot;failure-oriented&quot; problem solving.<p>Inversion seems like a misnomer and is easily conflated with the logical&#x2F;mathematical meaning.
bluehatbrit将近 5 年前
This seems to line up really nicely with &quot;Jobs-to-be-Done Theory&quot; proposed by Clayton Christensen and Co [1]. This inversion approach seems like a great technique to help move from thinking about products and think about the jobs that need doing.<p>[1] - Competing Against Luck - <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.amazon.com&#x2F;Competing-Against-Luck-Innovation-Customer&#x2F;dp&#x2F;0062435612" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.amazon.com&#x2F;Competing-Against-Luck-Innovation-Cus...</a>
toolslive将近 5 年前
This is only one of the principles featured in TRIZ.<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;TRIZ" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;TRIZ</a>
smitty1e将近 5 年前
I&#x27;d follow up inverting with decomposing.<p>Solving smaller problems in the service of the bigger one is as powerful as flipping the problem upside down.
eyelidlessness将近 5 年前
This is instinctually how those of us with anxiety disorders and cognitive challenges think. WAVINGEMOJI hi please feel free to ask us how to help when you see us around.<p>Edit: sorry, didn&#x27;t mean to volunteer anyone else! Just ask those of us who make ourselves available for it, you know us as the people who are constantly warning doom.
m3kw9将近 5 年前
“Instead of asking how do we increase the adoption of a product or feature? You could instead consider - what are some of things preventing adoption?“<p><pre><code> What if I started with “ what are some of things preventing adoption?“ Would I be incorrectly inverting? But you did say always invert.</code></pre>
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ptero将近 5 年前
It seems like a good model, but probably because it helps you see things from a new angle.<p>That is, the benefit is not focusing on (not (not A)) instead of A -- with the right choice of A you can flip those, but rather when everyone is thinking about A, see if a double inversion offers new solutions. My 2c
z3t4将近 5 年前
According to positive psychology it&#x27;s better to do something good rather then avoiding something bad. But it&#x27;s good to ask yourself <i>why</i> you want to do something, as there might be easier ways to achieve the same thing once you understand what you really want.
bumelant将近 5 年前
In combinatorial optimization, the basic principle is is always: every primal, has a dual. That is, minimazing some expressions, means maximizing the other. Primal-dual would also - I feel - fit better to the principle, as described in this article.
fizixer将近 5 年前
Something tells me OP hasn&#x27;t read Polya &quot;How to solve it&quot; and is attempting a bad rediscovery of a tiny aspect of the overall body of problem-solving tactics.
AHappyCamper将近 5 年前
My uncle has a similar saying: &quot;The most important consideration in any situation is the alternative&quot;. He&#x27;s a very smart man and an excellent engineer.
e_carra将近 5 年前
This is also how some problems are solved more efficiently in Operations Research: solving the dual of the problem instead of the actual problem.
mola将近 5 年前
I think this is useful in zero sum&#x2F;life and death situation. Otherwise you might go on a path which leads away from your core values and intentions.
nurettin将近 5 年前
Dialectic is now called &quot;invert&quot; ?
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jyriand将近 5 年前
I think hackers are pretty natural at this type of thinking. A la “what this application is not supposed to do?”
youeseh将近 5 年前
In business, I believe this translates to always protecting against the downside.
bhntr3将近 5 年前
&quot;Imagine the worst possible outcome. Now . . . avoid that.&quot; -Baptiste
082349872349872将近 5 年前
I&#x27;d never thought of Charlie Munger as a pomo, but here we are? Next thing you know the POTUS will be engaging in a supplementary play of meaning which defies semantic reduction?
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laybak将近 5 年前
simple and actionable. A quick way to snap out of what is currently constraining my thinkign
xapata将近 5 年前
In other words, minimize regret.
fendy3002将近 5 年前
Me: how can I finish this project smoothly<p>Inversion: what can makes this project not finished smoothly<p>My answer: if my boss died<p>Me: ...
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atum47将近 5 年前
short and helpful reading. thanks for sharing
hackerindie将近 5 年前
Great short post! Big fan of Farnam Street and Charlie Munger myself as well