>To overcome that barrier requires a sequence of particle collisions. First, an electron accelerator speeds up and slams electrons into a nearby target made of tungsten. The collision between beam and target creates high-energy photons, just like in a conventional X-ray machine. The photons are focused and directed into the deuteron-loaded erbium or titanium sample.<p>that way of X-ray generation is of very low efficiency. They should have put that deuterium loaded erbium, titanium (or Pt or Pd like in the famous cold fusion experiment) into the Sandia Z-machine. The typical target for the Z is either LiD or frozen D, and i wonder why they have never tried more heavy metals, especially Pt or Pd, loaded with D given how heavy nuclei is supposed to help in the fusion based on the cold fusion effects and which this NASA research seems to hint at too:<p>>But the lattice helps again. “The electrons in the metal lattice form a screen around the stationary deuteron,” says Benyo. The electrons’ negative charge shields the energetic deuteron from the repulsive effects of the target deuteron’s positive charge until the nuclei are very close, maximizing the amount of energy that can be used to fuse.<p>Honestly, my best bet is that Musk, who needs at least fission or even better fusion for Mars (space is the only business case for any plausible peaceful fusion), would soon start a venture for it. The inertial confinement, either Z-machine style or laser (modern lasers are much more efficient than NIF) is clearly the way to go, especially for space and when you need real result instead of large government sponsored research.