The ultimate origin is obviously geographic and topographical, as first laid out by the Romans.<p>The region 4-5 boundary along the A5 is just Watling Street. It originates in London today as Edgware Road, which preserves its distinctive Roman straightness (it even has the faux-Roman Marble Arch at the start in Hyde Park):<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watling_Street" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watling_Street</a><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgware_Road" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgware_Road</a><p>The obvious exception is the boundary
of the phased Roman invasion, which cuts diagonally from south-west to north-east:<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosse_Way" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosse_Way</a><p>The Fosse Way was originally a military road
to support the eponymous barrier <i>'ditch'</i> and rampart.
Now it is mostly (near) the course of the A38
which does not follow the radial region 3
and does not fork from the A3
to the SW of London.<p>The regions are also approximately the division of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms: Sussex ( <i>South Saxons,</i> region 2), Wessex ( <i>West Saxons,</i> region 3), Essex ( <i>East Saxons,</i> region 1) and Mercia (er... midlands, for <i>all-the-other-Saxons,</i> regions 3~4):<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heptarchy" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heptarchy</a><p>Watling Street later became the border between Viking and
Anglo-Saxon sectors of the island
(hence the radical divergence in accents and place names
on opposite sides of the road):<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danelaw" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danelaw</a><p>Also note that because it is essentially topographical,
it was also followed by the private railways,
giving LNER (region 1), SR (region 2), GWR (region 3) and LMS (aforementioned <i>Mercia</i> and west coast line, ~ regions 4,5,6), hence the originating stations in London:<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_and_North_Eastern_Railway" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_and_North_Eastern_Railw...</a><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Railway_(UK)" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Railway_(UK)</a><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Western_Railway" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Western_Railway</a><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Railway_(UK)" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Railway_(UK)</a><p>P.S. Direct links to Wikipedia should be banned from HN submissions.