>She says it supports her 2020 study that determined many Argaric women were involved in the production of linen and wool textiles —a valuable sector of the economy, along with metallurgy. So it follows that women could have been rulers: “Women in El Argar were an active part of its economy… a ruler is only another example of the significance of women in this society,” she says.<p>I think this is pushing the evidence too far. Women have always been a very valuable part of the economy, especially in the pre-industrialization. If we look at modern substistence cultures, if you look at who tends the gardens and raises the livestock, most of the "GDP" is probably produced by women. However, unfortunately, many times economic contribution does not translate into political power.<p>In addition, there have many times been exceptions carved out for the daughters of powerful men, even in societies that are otherwise male dominated. A good western example is Queen Elizabeth. She was a very powerful and well-respected monarch, but the big thing that made her acceptable was that she was the daughter of Henry VIII. A good eastern example is Razia Sultana of Delhia (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razia_Sultana" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razia_Sultana</a>) who IIRC was the first if not the only female sultan (she actually went by the title "sultan" not "sultana") the daughter of Iltutmish.<p>A more recent example is Indira Ghandi. Indira of the 1960's and 70's was pretty backwards in terms of equal rights for women. Yet, Indira Ghandi became Prime Minister of India (the only female Indian Prime Minister to date). A lot of that was due to the fact that she was the only child of Nehru the first Prime Minister of India who was in office for nearly two decades until his death.<p>So, seeing evidence of a very high status woman, even a great ruler, does not mean that women in general were considered equals or given their rightful place and respect in society.