TE
科技回声
首页24小时热榜最新最佳问答展示工作
GitHubTwitter
首页

科技回声

基于 Next.js 构建的科技新闻平台,提供全球科技新闻和讨论内容。

GitHubTwitter

首页

首页最新最佳问答展示工作

资源链接

HackerNews API原版 HackerNewsNext.js

© 2025 科技回声. 版权所有。

Organ transplant patients may not get dementia

290 点作者 klevertree超过 3 年前

27 条评论

_game_of_life超过 3 年前
Initially I thought that the reason for this would be that most people with transplants live less than 10 years, and eligibility requirements of who gets transplants (and therefore who gets calcineurin inhibitors) might further complicate the results.<p>Wow, was I ever wrong. This article says it&#x27;s not too uncommon for people to live 30 years after their transplant. Other articles say that even the obese are eligible for transplantation now. Very impressive.<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;wexnermedical.osu.edu&#x2F;blog&#x2F;how-long-do-transplanted-organs-last" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;wexnermedical.osu.edu&#x2F;blog&#x2F;how-long-do-transplanted-...</a><p>That being said, I know life extension and nootropics and all that jazz is a really popular topic with tech bros, so its worth noting the side effects of calcineurin inhibitors are really bad.<p>It&#x27;s also neat ciclosporin was isolated from some scandanavian fungus living in the soil. Makes me sad thinking about how once we are able to significantly understand and appreciate genetics and related biotechnology later this century, half of the species on earth will already be gone, their amazing biological traits and compounds lost forever.
评论 #29096986 未加载
评论 #29103534 未加载
评论 #29098059 未加载
评论 #29106123 未加载
评论 #29099480 未加载
评论 #29102213 未加载
评论 #29098766 未加载
burning_hamster超过 3 年前
I am not sure I buy into the author&#x27;s calcineurin&#x2F;mitochondria hypothesis.<p>There is a much more direct causal link as auto-immunity has been implicated in AD progression for years, e.g. [1-11]. I can&#x27;t find the paper right now, but I once saw a very compelling longitudinal study where they regularly measured cognitive performance as well as several immunity markers in older subjects. Basically, every transient increase in antibody levels (IIRC, but they may have been tracking some other marker of immune system activation) was followed by a step decline in cognitive performance.<p>[1] Lopez (1991) Serum auto-antibodies in Alzheimer&#x27;s disease<p>[2] Aisen (1996) Inflammation and Alzheimer disease<p>[3] D&#x27;Andrea (2005) Add Alzheimer’s disease to the list of autoimmune diseases<p>[4] Carter (2010) Alzheimer&#x27;s Disease: A Pathogenetic Autoimmune Disorder Caused by Herpes Simplex in a Gene-Dependent Manner<p>[5] Reddi et al (2011) Autoimmunity in Alzheimer’s disease: increased levels of circulating IgGs binding Aβ and RAGE peptides<p>[6] Sardi et al (2011) Alzheimer&#x27;s disease, autoimmunity and inflammation. The good, the bad and the ugly<p>[7] Marchese (2013) Autoimmune Manifestations in the 3xTg-AD Model of Alzheimer&#x27;s Disease<p>[8] Li et al. (2018) Dementia and Alzheimer&#x27;s disease risks in patients with autoimmune disorders<p>[9] Arshavski (2020) Alzheimer’s Disease: From Amyloid to Autoimmune Hypothesis<p>[10] Itzhaki et al (2020) Do infections have a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease?<p>[11] Lim et al (2020) Alzheimer Disease Pathogenesis: The Role of Autoimmunity
评论 #29098401 未加载
评论 #29097498 未加载
评论 #29099611 未加载
supperburg超过 3 年前
People talk about inflammation vs metabolism. They are linked. Inflammatory signals can turn cellular metabolism up or down.<p>African sleeping sickness is an infection that results in a person going into a kind of coma. The parasite constantly changes its molecular interface with the host which is supposed to confuse the hosts immune system. This places a huge burden on the immune system and results in the host becoming hungry all the time, despite already being full. These patients will stuff themselves while growing progressively more tired. And eventually they fall asleep permanently. Inflammatory signals slow metabolism or something to that effect and this change in metabolism causes the body to feel as though it’s starved of energy and so the patients feel hunger. Inflammation and metabolism are linked.<p>A man with schizophrenia was cured after a bone marrow transplant. The New York Times wrote about it recently. Symptoms of age including cognitive decline have been reversed in mice and humans through blood dilution&#x2F; blood transfusion probably due to reduction in the concentration of inflammatory molecules in the blood that are produced by ones own body. Inflammation&#x2F;metabolism is the biggest medical revolution on the horizon. Especially since COVID has made it a grant-worthy topic now and doctors can’t deny that chronic fatigue syndrome is real anymore. It’s funny how all those people who insisted that CFS wasn’t real are now nowhere to be found to answer for their mistake.
评论 #29098455 未加载
评论 #29104443 未加载
评论 #29103284 未加载
评论 #29098872 未加载
datameta超过 3 年前
The statistical prevalence of dementia is absolutely shocking to me... It is bar none one of the worst experiences one can go through. This [0] is an album that is an auditory approximation of it. I sincerely hope for more discourse and research dedicated to understanding, preventing, and treating it.<p>[0] <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;youtu.be&#x2F;wJWksPWDKOc" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;youtu.be&#x2F;wJWksPWDKOc</a>
评论 #29097452 未加载
评论 #29097074 未加载
评论 #29096435 未加载
评论 #29096278 未加载
bawolff超过 3 年前
The irony of ranting about starting with the most interesting part of your thesis for 5 paragraphs, before actually starting.
评论 #29098561 未加载
thrill超过 3 年前
As an opposing anecdata, my aunt got a heart transplant in the late 70&#x27;s, is still kicking, but has severe dementia now in her mid 70&#x27;s.
评论 #29096273 未加载
评论 #29097496 未加载
评论 #29095920 未加载
评论 #29097204 未加载
bedobi超过 3 年前
Wikipedia:<p>&gt; Calcineurin inhibitors and azathioprine have been linked with post-transplant malignancies and skin cancers in organ transplant recipients. Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) after kidney transplantation is common and can result in significant morbidity and mortality. The results of several studies suggest that calcineurin inhibitors have oncogenic properties mainly linked to the production of cytokines that promote tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis.<p>Bummer
评论 #29103798 未加载
OscarCunningham超过 3 年前
Not everyone who needs an organ transplant gets one. So could it be that recipients are privileged in some way that also prevents them getting dementia?
评论 #29096810 未加载
评论 #29096628 未加载
treeman79超过 3 年前
Theory. People who take immune suppressing drugs have less dementia. Perhaps undiagnosed autoimmune conditions are a cause &#x2F; trigger for dementia.<p>My experience. Had out of control undiagnosed autoimmune condition.<p>Started developing major dementia.<p>Eventually (20 years) got autoimmune diagnosed and under control. Also started blood thinners. Dementia resolved quickly.
评论 #29132597 未加载
erdo超过 3 年前
These stats are only useful if we know how many people get dementia in the first place.<p>What are the chances of a random control group of 14 over 85 year olds also not getting dementia?<p>If it&#x27;s very common, and you would usually expect 7 of them to develop dementia, then 0 cases in the test group is potentially impressive. If it&#x27;s quite rare and you would usually expect only one of the control group to get dementia, then it&#x27;s not that impressive that the test group had 0, and easily down to chance
评论 #29095960 未加载
mhalle超过 3 年前
As a liver transplant recipient (7.5 years out), I find how transplant patients are stereotyped in this somewhat informal article a bit misleading.<p>First, transplants are about as close to a life-changing miracle as you can imagine. By which I mean night and day change for a reasonable subset of patients. The fact that we now have anything like access to interchangeable parts that can let people live extremely normal lives is absolutely remarkable. Before transplant there were times when I was too weak to walk. One month after transplant I could walk a mile, three months after five miles.<p>There is zero question I&#x27;d be dead by now without my transplant. I might have lived a year or so more with my old one, but it would have been an unpredictable high-wire act between GI bleeds, encephalopathy, coma, and fear that any simple action might trigger an emergency trip to the emergency room. Internal bleeding and encephalopathy put my in a coma for three days and, when I came out, this PhD computer scientist couldn&#x27;t remember my own kids&#x27; names. Now I&#x27;m writing this. I am simply so fortunate to be able to have this second chance in life.<p>As for the misleading parts, &quot;Organ transplant patients are, by their nature, sick patients.&quot; Yes, but that&#x27;s why they get transplants. Many get better. Look at livers. Viral hepatitis (in my case, Hep C) is one of the most common reasons for liver transplant. But we can cure Hep C. I was one of the first people cured before transplant with Gilead&#x27;s Hep C antivirals. The new liver fixed my cirrhosis. Now I get sick less often than my kids, and my life is extremely normal except for a couple pills a day (tacrolimus) and lab tests every three months. I was a mild hemophiliac, and that was cured by the new liver as well.<p>If you looked at my lab tests, besides a low platelet count, I would look perfectly normal. And especially for livers, which deal with processing a lot of foreign substances in the body, so it probably more tolerant than other organs, the lifespan on them may be quite long. Older liver transplant patients can sometimes even drop their immunosuppressants completely.<p>So, for people who have curable diseases, the health of a transplant patient can be quite good, potentially better than their peers. There&#x27;s no specific reason they as a single less healthy class (as opposed to a set of classes, which also includes people who abuse alcohol or have diseases we can&#x27;t cure).<p>To answer some other questions in the discussion, the transplant process tries hard to keep someone from being able to literally buy their way onto the transplant list. For livers, priority of transplant goes by a lab test called MELD which estimates 90 day mortality. You have to be sicker than other people but healthy enough not to waste an organ. It&#x27;s a fairly macabre competition.<p>There are, however, advantages to those with means. In the US, organ transplant is administered nationally but organs are still basically allocated regionally. If you can travel to another region in the country with a surplus of organs, you can get a transplant sooner. I did it. It saved my life.<p>You also need to go through a battery of tests to make sure you are, basically, a good host for the rare organ. In general you have to stop substance abuse. You need to lose weight. You need to take a physical which can disqualify you. You need to have a social support mechanism to help take care of you after surgery (in the hospital, after discharge, and long term).<p>Finally, you need to have insurance that will cover the potentially million dollar surgery and and complications that might follow. And that means there&#x27;s another hidden process that happens in the insurance company to assess whether you&#x27;re a good risk or not.<p>Most of those conditions strictly require wealth. All of them benefit from it, especially access to health care. On the other hand, it isn&#x27;t clear that access to health care is strongly correlated with an absence of dementia, is it?
gzer0超过 3 年前
It is very difficult to engineer animals with symptoms mimicking human dementia so they can effectively be trialed with drugs before testing on people.<p>This is the exact reason dementia &#x2F; Alzheimer’s research is littered with dozens of high-profile failed clinical trials; after billions and decades poured into this area and nothing to show.<p>I would be interested to see non-murine, primate-based(?) clinical findings before I get my hopes up again. We have seen this pattern too many times; a compelling agent, pathway, or signaling mechanism is found, targeted, and shows great promise in mice, even sometimes in primates. And once we get to human trials it fails because we cannot replicate dementia accurately in these test vehicles.
评论 #29098565 未加载
评论 #29097588 未加载
Gatsky超过 3 年前
This is unfortunately almost certainly bunk. There is a large selection and survivorship bias. To be an 85+ yo and be alive with an organ transplant you have to be pretty special. That generally means you have kept your transplant for at least 30 years and survived the early days of suboptimal immunosuppressants and perioperative care. Also transplant recipients are managed very carefully by their physicians, who constantly tweak their medication, blood pressure, blood sugar etc. Also people who manage to live with their transplants for long periods are presumably highly selected for diligence, education, wealth, compliance, mental health etc.
jannyfer超过 3 年前
It&#x27;d be nice to take out the clickbaity &quot;here&#x27;s why&quot; from the title.
catlikesshrimp超过 3 年前
My nose suspects the system (TU) was triaging agaisnt dementia, somehow, and the author didn&#x27;t notice.<p>Next study, designed for comparing transplantation correlation to dementia, should use a dementia scale before and after the trasplant.<p>The article is not a scientific paper. I hope scientific papers were so honest about conflict of interest and autocritic as this author is in this article.
caymanjim超过 3 年前
This is an interesting pop-science read, but who is Trevor Klee? As far as I can tell, he&#x27;s a college exam tutor who&#x27;s written a few &quot;how to pass the GRE&quot; booklets. He&#x27;s writing about trying to start a biomedical business around this idea, but if his LinkedIn is accurate, he&#x27;s never had a job beyond tutoring college students. His list of &quot;failed projects,&quot; linked to from the blog, contains a bunch of similar biomed business ideas, none of which have anything at all to do with each other on a technical level (&quot;Using RNAi for agriculture&quot;, &quot;Exploring ketamine for blood pressure&quot;).<p>This basically reads as &quot;I got a masters in molecular bio, have never worked in the field, and want you to give me money for my next crackpot idea&quot;. That doesn&#x27;t mean the idea is wrong, but this guy isn&#x27;t the one who&#x27;s gonna make it happen.
评论 #29097629 未加载
评论 #29097461 未加载
评论 #29097326 未加载
评论 #29097631 未加载
leokeba超过 3 年前
I&#x27;m surprised the author does not mention taking steps to verify the &quot;unique University of Texas protocol&quot; hypothesis. It really looks like the most probable alternative explanation, and it doesn&#x27;t seem very difficult for someone already in the medical industry to get in touch with one of the people there who could be able to verify it. Maybe I&#x27;m missing something ?
评论 #29098185 未加载
mogadsheu超过 3 年前
It&#x27;s like the consolation prize&#x2F;participation ribbon of major operation.<p>Congrats, your kidney&#x27;s been replaced and you&#x27;ll have to be on immunosuppressants for the rest of your life, but at least you won&#x27;t get dementia.
irthomasthomas超过 3 年前
Related: Type 3 Diabetes <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Type_3_diabetes" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Type_3_diabetes</a>
golem14超过 3 年前
Could it be that patients with early stage dementia are somewhat less likely to ask for or receive transplants?
p00l00超过 3 年前
Im surprised nobody has suggested MicroRNA. In particular mir-29. But that remains to be thoroughly interpreted. <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.frontiersin.org&#x2F;articles&#x2F;10.3389&#x2F;fnins.2020.00564&#x2F;full" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.frontiersin.org&#x2F;articles&#x2F;10.3389&#x2F;fnins.2020.0056...</a>
评论 #29097723 未加载
yosito超过 3 年前
Results aside, I give this article points for clear and persuasive writing!
ouid超过 3 年前
So we think it&#x27;s because of the immunosuppression then?
jhales超过 3 年前
Isn&#x27;t Rapamycin generally used as part of an immunosuppressant cocktail for organ transplants?<p>Curious why that isn&#x27;t mentioned in the article as a contributing factor.
评论 #29096169 未加载
评论 #29102593 未加载
tantalor超过 3 年前
Apples &amp; oranges
canjobear超过 3 年前
Correlation.
评论 #29096253 未加载
评论 #29098822 未加载
fbanon超过 3 年前
Is it safe to buy this stuff over the internet&#x2F;dark web? I want to try it, maybe it has nootropic effects on healthy brains too.
评论 #29096040 未加载
评论 #29096195 未加载
评论 #29096049 未加载
评论 #29096079 未加载
评论 #29103324 未加载
评论 #29096095 未加载