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How to make a CPU – a simple picture-based explanation

605 点作者 robertelder超过 3 年前

24 条评论

jiggawatts超过 3 年前
If you ever code something that &quot;feels like a hack but it works,&quot; just remember that a CPU is literally a rock that we tricked into thinking.<p>Not to oversimplify: first you have to flatten the rock and put lightning inside it.<p>Source: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;twitter.com&#x2F;daisyowl&#x2F;status&#x2F;841802094361235456" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;twitter.com&#x2F;daisyowl&#x2F;status&#x2F;841802094361235456</a>
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nynx超过 3 年前
It&#x27;d be really awesome if microprocessors, even at a low-end process node like 130 nm, could be made with room-sized machines or smaller. There&#x27;s a lot of space for companies wanted to manufacture their own MCUs, for instance, without relying on massive supply chains.<p>I think this&#x27;ll happen at some point, as silicon manufacturing hits final roadblocks and becomes increasingly commoditized, but it&#x27;d be nice if it were sooner rather than later.<p>(This would be nice for self-sufficient decentralized communities being able to produce their own microelectronics as well.)
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kayson超过 3 年前
Circuit designer here - feel free to ask any questions about the manufacturing process, design etc.<p>Having a thorough understanding of the process, I thought this was hilarious. But if you really want to understand the process, it&#x27;s pretty terrible. It spends 10 steps on making a wafer, and then the bulk of the actual process is condensed to 16.
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capableweb超过 3 年前
I recall there being a game mentioned somewhere here on HN, where you start with basic logic gates (I think), and you build up a fundamental CPU at the end of the game, using the parts you discovered along the way.<p>Problem is, I don&#x27;t remember what the game is called, and no amount of searching seems to help me. Anyone know what it was called?
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lsiunsuex超过 3 年前
I&#x27;ve always been curious how someone gets into this line of work. Is it all via college &#x2F; post education and your directly recruited by these companies? Obviously, this is a very hard (impossible?) thing to teach yourself. I can&#x27;t imagine more than a few universities offer this type of education? Where would you start &#x2F; what path would you go down to be a chip designer &#x2F; work for an Intel &#x2F; AMD ???
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showerst超过 3 年前
If you&#x27;re into this, Huygens Optics has an awesome series where he builds a wafer stepper at home. His is a little less advanced than Sam Zeloofs but the videos are way better -- <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.youtube.com&#x2F;watch?v=_w0Z2Y5vaAQ" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.youtube.com&#x2F;watch?v=_w0Z2Y5vaAQ</a>
pitspotter2超过 3 年前
The hilarity illustrates an important point. We never just make a thing. A recipe or blueprint is a convenient fiction. Rather we participate in a dynamic evolving process which itself evolved through many cycles of copying, repetition and debugging. Even the first version wasn&#x27;t strictly original because the idea was borrowed from elsewhere. &#x27;Oh you work at the olive press. How would you like a job with this new-fangled printing machine?&#x27; And so on back to the initial and highly controversial creation of the Universe.
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marcodiego超过 3 年前
For a real case of someone making integrated circuits at home, this boy did it: <a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;sam.zeloof.xyz&#x2F;" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;sam.zeloof.xyz&#x2F;</a> for real.
hedgehog超过 3 年前
Nice illustrations, though step 16 is pretty much &quot;Draw the rest of the F** owl.&quot;
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Cxckers超过 3 年前
As a film photography enthusiast, I love the parallels between making a chip and film development. I wonder if film developing was the original inspiration
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Koshkin超过 3 年前
Here&#x27;s how you make a vacuum tube:<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.youtube.com&#x2F;watch?v=EzyXMEpq4qw" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.youtube.com&#x2F;watch?v=EzyXMEpq4qw</a>
cwoolfe超过 3 年前
After all that hard work, sell it at a few cents per chip.
aligray超过 3 年前
I found this absolutely hilarious and I’m not entirely sure why, just the tone of the instructions as if it’s an ordinary thing to make in an afternoon. Brilliant.
GhettoComputers超过 3 年前
The article doesn&#x27;t correspond to reality.<p>&gt;3) Now you have 98% concentrated silicon dioxide. Purify it to 99.9% pure silicon dioxide.<p>&gt;4) Purify it further to 99.9999999% polysilicon metal.<p>&gt;While cutting-edge nanometer scale features are not likely to be accessible for a hobbyist, micron-scale amateur chip fabrication does appear to be quite feasible. I have not tried this myself, but Sam Zeloof has, and you should definitely check out his YouTube channel. I think you could probably even build some basic chips with far less equipment than he has if you get the optics right. You could probably make it a hobby business selling cusom chips to other tech people!<p>&gt;A Word Of Caution: In case it wasn&#x27;t already clear, I don&#x27;t advise that anyone actually attempt making integrated circuits in their apartment in the manner shown in this video. The &#x27;photoresist&#x27; and &#x27;developer solution&#x27; in this video is just a colored prop. The real chemicals are usually hazardous and you should only work with them with proper safety gear in a well ventilated area or in a fume hood.<p>Its outdated and in reality you would go to Shenzhen or use a custom fab to make custom designed chips with raw materials sourced from special exotic materials that only make sense for scaled operation.<p>I highlighted the steps 3 and 4 because its not how its done at all. High grade silicon is obtained in a pure state and doped for the chips rather than obtaining random types and refining them.<p>Its not even easy compared to homemade nuclear reactors, which need a lot of natural sources of uranium to enrich but can be done, the refinement is more related to older germanium chips.
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belval超过 3 年前
For those who wants more, the wikipedia article on semiconductor manufacturing is actually pretty good: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Semiconductor_device_fabrication" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Semiconductor_device_fabricati...</a>
gorgoiler超过 3 年前
It’s really really fun doing this in software. You should try it.<p>Fetch decode execute cycle. Registers. Memory. An instruction set. An assembler. And plug it all into an emulator to watch your factorial(n) at work!<p>Here’s one someone else made earlier:<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.peterhigginson.co.uk&#x2F;AQA&#x2F;" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.peterhigginson.co.uk&#x2F;AQA&#x2F;</a><p>It’s rubbish. So is yours, but you’ve got to build it first before you can brag.
tnorthcutt超过 3 年前
Mentioned a couple other times in this thread but I don&#x27;t think anyone has linked Sam Zeloof&#x27;s video of essentially doing this: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.youtube.com&#x2F;watch?v=IS5ycm7VfXg" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.youtube.com&#x2F;watch?v=IS5ycm7VfXg</a><p>It&#x27;s fantastic and I highly recommend watching it.
mataug超过 3 年前
So if I somehow time travelled to ~1800 there&#x27;s no way I&#x27;m making my own modern computer ?!<p>Jokes aside, its fascinating to see how complex computers are under the many layers of abstraction that we&#x27;ve built on top of them.
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anthk超过 3 年前
More info on homemade raw sources and processes:<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;simplifier.neocities.org&#x2F;" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;simplifier.neocities.org&#x2F;</a>
xivzgrev超过 3 年前
I was successfully able to follow step 1 and 2. Grab a rock. Crush a rock. Easy peasy.<p>Gave up on step 3: purify. Glad I did: each step after got more and more ridiculous.
jay754超过 3 年前
This is absolutely gold. Very informative and hilarious pics.
spideymans超过 3 年前
Anyone else stuck at step 3? :)
rhdxmr超过 3 年前
A much fun article! Thanks
calebm超过 3 年前
Looks like magic
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