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How to write more clearly, think more clearly, and learn complex material [pdf]

779 点作者 Secrethus大约 3 年前

36 条评论

westcort大约 3 年前
Key takeaways:<p>1. One of the best ways to improve your writing is to learn how to cut out words that are not necessary<p>2. Stuffy writing is bad writing! It lowers the power of your brain and mine!<p>3. What words should you never use in writing? Words whose exact meanings you don’t know! Never use a word unless you know EXACTLY what it means<p>4. If your writing is nonsense, maybe your thoughts are nonsense too!<p>5. To keep things clear and readable: Put the main point of each paragraph in its first sentence<p>6. Pretend you’re writing a textbook! That’s how I ended up writing so many books...Organizing knowledge Learning is a lot like writing a book<p>7. I often write the introduction last, after I know what it will introduce!<p>8. Never draw the reader’s eye to anything that is not the main point
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brian_cunnie大约 3 年前
This is my writing gem: when you send an email, you either want them to know something or do something, so say that in the first sentence:<p>Good: &quot;FYI, our etcd cluster is broken, but we&#x27;re working to fix it.&quot;<p>Bad: &quot;I came in this morning, and while I was going through my emails when I saw a message about one of the nodes in our cluster. So I checked it out, and sure enough it was down, and I went to the console and saw the kernel had panicked, so I ... [much further down] and that&#x27;s when I realized our etcd cluster was down.&quot;<p>The later is what I call The Narrative: people have a natural inclination to tell a story, but the irony is that usually what&#x27;s at the end of the story is the thing that should be first (&quot;the cluster is down!&quot;).<p>Similarly when asking for something:<p>Good: &quot;Could you please get me a new monitor? I&#x27;m getting headaches from the current one&#x27;s constant flickering&quot;<p>Bad: &quot;I had a headache yesterday, so I had to leave early—I hope that&#x27;s okay. Anyway, I&#x27;m not sure about the purchase requisition process. I think there&#x27;s a resonating frequency between the 60Hz electric system and my monitor&#x27;s refresh rate, but I&#x27;m not an electrical engineer. By the way, the new chair is great ...&quot;
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photochemsyn大约 3 年前
One useful first step in becoming a better writer - in particular if your subject is complex - is to to delete your Twitter account and never look at another Twitter thread. Character limits kill creativity and complexity.<p>The presentation does leave out one very necessary requirement for becoming a good-to-great writer: you have to do a lot of reading. If you&#x27;re going to write about a complex scientific or technical subject, you should have some examples in mind of great texts that you&#x27;ve read. What did other writers do that you liked or that stuck with you? Equally true, what are some really bad examples, some things to avoid?<p>For example, here&#x27;s what I think is an excellent popular history book, and if I ever wrote something with a historical bent, I&#x27;d flip though it first: &quot;By Steppe, Desert, and Ocean: The Birth of Eurasia&quot; by Barry Cunliffe<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.amazon.com&#x2F;Steppe-Desert-Ocean-Birth-Eurasia&#x2F;dp&#x2F;0199689172" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.amazon.com&#x2F;Steppe-Desert-Ocean-Birth-Eurasia&#x2F;dp&#x2F;...</a><p>The point about Twitter is really this: you have to develop the skill of composing a paragraph as a coherent entity in order to become a decent writer, and Twitter doesn&#x27;t allow for paragraphs, just sentences (and short ones at that). Paragraphs should have an internal cohesion to help the reader absorb the concept being presented. Once you have that, you can start chaining paragraphs together, reordering the sequence of paragraphs, with the goal of constructing a path that the reader can follow through the whole essay or chapter. Getting the order right is important for complex topics, as point D might rely on a good understanding of points A and B, and so on. Your goal should be to make the reader feel smart.<p>Of course that&#x27;s just advice for non-fiction writing; if you&#x27;re doing fiction or poetry basically anything goes. The public might like it or hate it, but the literary critics can safely be ignored.
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heinrichhartman大约 3 年前
Forgive me for bringing up my own material here, but I wrote a piece that is highly relevant in this context only two days ago:<p>Writing for Engineers - <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.heinrichhartmann.com&#x2F;posts&#x2F;writing&#x2F;" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.heinrichhartmann.com&#x2F;posts&#x2F;writing&#x2F;</a><p>This text is particularly geared towards Software Engineers and focuses more on the psychology of getting started with writing. Lot&#x27;s of overlap with the content in this post (which has much more depth on the &quot;how to write well&quot; part).
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johnqian大约 3 年前
I think this is a great presentation. I&#x27;ve found that learning to write has largely a process of unlearning everything I was taught in secondary school. In school we were conditioned to excrete as much bullshit as we could in a fixed amount of time. Everything we learned--new vocabulary, literary techniques--we were told was for sounding more sophisticated, which we unknowingly interpreted as verbose. I even remember a loved English teacher saying &quot;the purpose of the first sentence in a short answer is make yourself sound smarter than you are. You shouldn&#x27;t answer the question until at least the second sentence.&quot; And for some reason, every argument needed 3 supporting reasons, even though in real life there&#x27;s almost always just one dominant reason.<p>Turns out actual good writing has precisely the opposite spirit. It&#x27;s about compressing ideas into their simplest forms. New words are invented to make us more concise, not less. I wish I had realized this many years ago, before writing my essays for college admission.
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yeetsfromhellL2大约 3 年前
I like this. I&#x27;m diving into the zettlekasten thing after reading <i>How to Take Smart Notes</i>, and stopping to think about how I write so that it&#x27;s as simple and clear as possible, while still being informative enough for my future self is what flexes my head muscle the most. This complements it nicely.
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shanusmagnus大约 3 年前
People who dig this deck may dig this book:<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.amazon.com&#x2F;Clear-Simple-Truth-Writing-Classic&#x2F;dp&#x2F;0691147434" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.amazon.com&#x2F;Clear-Simple-Truth-Writing-Classic&#x2F;dp...</a><p>The best single book I&#x27;ve ever read on writing well. Had a big impact on me outside of writing, too.
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Trasmatta大约 3 年前
Something that&#x27;s coming to mind while reading this is how much company communication these days happens almost exclusively on Slack, and how antithetical that format can be to writing and thinking clearly.
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kepler1大约 3 年前
For someone who advocates clear writing and communication, it&#x27;s pretty amusing that he puts this advice into the worst kind of information-sparse 125-page Powerpoint, and thinks that it needs to be protected with a copyright.
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hnthrowaway0315大约 3 年前
I found it embarrassing that I actually do not know much material that worth to be written. My gut feeling is that one month of intensive research&#x2F;work&#x2F;study can be summarized in a long blog post. But in my post-student life I have, unfortunately, avoided so many of those intensive experience because they are difficult. I even switch job every 2-3 years so that I never get much deep understanding of pretty much anything and fortunately not many jobs actually need one.<p>This might be something I can start working on for my second half of life.
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icu大约 3 年前
The key to Plain English writing can be found in the book, &quot;Style: Toward Clarity and Grace&quot; by Joseph M. Williams (Chicago Guides to Writing, Editing and Publishing).<p>It gives you the ability to take simple ideas, and write in a simple way, as well as take complex ideas and write in a simple way.<p>Highly recommended skills for anyone wanting to compel others to action.
rg111大约 3 年前
Make it Clear by Patrick Henry Winston [0] is slightly related to this. I learned a lot of things from it.<p>I first got to know about him through his now famous video- <i>How to Speak</i> [1].<p>[0]: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;mitpress.mit.edu&#x2F;books&#x2F;make-it-clear" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;mitpress.mit.edu&#x2F;books&#x2F;make-it-clear</a><p>[1]: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;youtube.com&#x2F;watch?v=Unzc731iCUY" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;youtube.com&#x2F;watch?v=Unzc731iCUY</a>
alexpls大约 3 年前
Great presentation! Another short read that covers similar ground is &quot;The Day You Became a Better Writer&quot; by Scott Adams (creator of Dilbert):<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;dilbertblog.typepad.com&#x2F;the_dilbert_blog&#x2F;2007&#x2F;06&#x2F;the_day_you_bec.html" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;dilbertblog.typepad.com&#x2F;the_dilbert_blog&#x2F;2007&#x2F;06&#x2F;the...</a>
vishnumohandas大约 3 年前
I find pg&#x27;s essay on writing[1] to be one of the best on this topic.<p>[1]: <a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.paulgraham.com&#x2F;writing44.html" rel="nofollow">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.paulgraham.com&#x2F;writing44.html</a>
suyash大约 3 年前
To those like me who are more interested in thinking clearly and use writing as a thinking tool may find this book more helpful <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.amazon.com&#x2F;Thinking-Paper-V-Howard&#x2F;dp&#x2F;0688077587" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.amazon.com&#x2F;Thinking-Paper-V-Howard&#x2F;dp&#x2F;0688077587</a>
gfodor大约 3 年前
Wow, I am so surprised to see this - I came upon an earlier version of this deck 10+ years ago, and it&#x27;s one of a very small number of things I&#x27;ve held onto and made a point to re-read every couple of years. Very cool to see there&#x27;s an updated version of it!
drakonka大约 3 年前
I resonated with the &quot;Why&quot;s so much:<p>&gt; * Clear writing leads to clear thinking.<p>&gt; * You don’t know what you know until you try to express it.<p>&gt; * If your writing is nonsense, maybe your thoughts are nonsense too<p>This is the main reason I&#x27;ve kept blogging over the years.
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tchalla大约 3 年前
In addition to the comments about writing (and title), I would also encourage everyone to read the Epistemology part of the slide deck. It gives a nice framework to form beliefs, opinions and test them.
nonrandomstring大约 3 年前
This stuck out for me;<p>&gt; &quot;Grammar, spelling, and punctuation are not a layer of added decoration. They help express the meaning. If you let a computer “correct” them, you may not get what you intend.&quot;<p>The stilted formulations of Grammarly powered student essays is getting obvious to me. Does anyone else feel that assisted writing has every drop of personality wrung out of it?
billylo大约 3 年前
Very useful for learners of all ages.<p>I haven&#x27;t read a 125-page deck completely for a while.
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stakkur大约 3 年前
This seems to just be a pastiche of ‘how to write well’ advice that you’ll find most anywhere. That doesn’t mean it’s not useful, but it’s not saying anything that hasn’t been said before, and often more clearly.
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jll29大约 3 年前
The first 1&#x2F;3 is sort of useful, I&#x27;d say stop reading the deck when it says “There are invisible, undetectable elves all over this room” is a meaningless stence (it is not meaningless, the sentence may be false but everyone can understand what it takes for it to become true, namely 1. you see elves in this room OR 2. you detect elves in this room OR 3. both.).<p>Also, I&#x27;d suggest epistemiology is not so much about finding out what&#x27;s true or false but what is knowable and not knowable in principle - i.e., to establish the frontier of the knowable (which does not change, whereas the frontier of the present knowledge shifts).
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sbmthakur大约 3 年前
Those appear to be nice points. Anything similar for speaking?
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rayiner大约 3 年前
As someone who explains complicated things to people in writing for a living, this is one of the best guides for business and technical communication I’ve ever seen.
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oytis大约 3 年前
I miss the time when writers didn&#x27;t follow these rules, it was so much more fun to read, and ideas expressed were more complex and interesting too.
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fatih-erikli大约 3 年前
&quot;Never draw the reader’s eye to anything that is not the main point.&quot;<p>I loved that phrase! I think it is important for designing UIs too.
ghoshbishakh大约 3 年前
I learnt this during my PhD. I think that is what we are supposed to learn whole doing PhD. How to think clearly.
revskill大约 3 年前
&quot;Writing for reader to NOT asking more questions&quot; is my way of communication now.
bennysomething大约 3 年前
&quot;Of a 100-page grammar book, you may need 3 pages, or less.&quot;<p>Or fewer!! (I think)
navane大约 3 年前
for an article about writing, the format ís quite ironic. txt version: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;pastebin.com&#x2F;dGd75ky8" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;pastebin.com&#x2F;dGd75ky8</a>
sydthrowaway大约 3 年前
I dont care about writing but I want to learn new things quickly- how?
jgerrish大约 3 年前
I don&#x27;t have a good space to learn in.
pkrumins大约 3 年前
Here’s an alternative method: by doing it.
hbarka大约 3 年前
Refreshing ideas. Thank you for sharing.
sgsvnk大约 3 年前
Great article, thanks for sharing!
sgsvnk大约 3 年前
Anyone know who is this RDG?