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What keeps earth from collapsing in on itself? (2010)

59 点作者 gigglesupstairs大约 3 年前

8 条评论

rayiner大约 3 年前
Electron degeneracy pressure: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Electron_degeneracy_pressure" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Electron_degeneracy_pressure</a><p>Stars above 8 solar masses can turn into neutron stars or black holes because during their life they have two forces counteracting gravitational collapse: electron degeneracy pressure and thermal pressure from fusion. When the fusion stops you’re left with a massive body where the electron degeneracy pressure alone isn’t sufficient to counteract gravity. <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Chandrasekhar_limit" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Chandrasekhar_limit</a>.<p>You get a neutron star instead of a black hole when the gravitational collapse can be overcome by the strong force and neutron degeneracy pressure (the same forces that keep the nuclei of atoms from collapsing).<p>See this more general description of the fundamental forces: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Fundamental_interaction" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Fundamental_interaction</a>
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bell-cot大约 3 年前
Shorter answer, with simpler vocabulary:<p>The Earth is basically a solid hunk of rock, with a core of dense metals like iron. Solid rock and iron just don&#x27;t collapse under pressures or temperatures that are even slightly sane. (Unless they are hollow, have an empty space under them, or are falling down into something less dense - like an undersea landslide does.) Sure, the pressures and temperatures in the middle of the Earth are high - but we&#x27;re pretty much talking pressures that some C-list college physics lab could maintain for days on end, and temperatures <i>lower</i> than an old arc welder you can buy on eBay could do forever.<p>Stars that actually <i>collapse</i> - not just cool off, shrink, and fade away - have pressures and temperatures inside that are a million miles from sane. We&#x27;re talking &quot;a hundred-billion dollar atom smasher, that is 15 miles wide, could do that - but only to a speck of dust, and for a trillionth of a second&quot;. Vs. a star that is about to collapse has had millions of cubic miles of stuff under those pressures and temperatures, for years.<p>Under <i>those</i> sorts of conditions, atoms get smashed. <i>Really</i> smashed. We&#x27;re talking the difference between taking a box of packing peanuts and lightly patting &#x27;em down (inside the Earth), and putting that box of packing peanuts into a big stamping press in a steel mill (inside the collapsing star).
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jethkl大约 3 年前
Why is the earth&#x27;s crust so stable? It has supported life for billions of years, yet it is just 12 mi thick [1] and floats on top of liquid rock that extends for thousands of miles -- the part of earth we are most familiar with is a tiny fraction of what our planet really is. You could imagine that turbulence in the liquid below would cause currents that blast through the crust with catastrophic consequences, and that this would happen regularly. But it doesn&#x27;t -- we have a small number of (super) volcanos, but they are pretty rare. I find this unnerving and remarkable. Our perception of reality -- in this case the earth beneath us -- is skewed.<p>[1] <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Structure_of_Earth" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Structure_of_Earth</a>
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whoisthemachine大约 3 年前
My favorite new thing I learned from this was:<p>&gt; while larger stars will form neutron stars (which are essentially giant atomic nuclei)<p>I had never heard that description before, and it&#x27;s fascinating to think about!
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grendelt大约 3 年前
Short answer, it&#x27;s a solid hunk of rock. Stars are not. Stars are a mass of incandescent gasses; a gigantic nuclear furnace where hydrogen is smelt into helium at a temperature of millions of degrees.<p>Gaseous planets and stars will collapse into something solid (or explode). Not all stars collapse to explode though. They have to be 1.4 times the size of our Sun to do that. <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Chandrasekhar_limit" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Chandrasekhar_limit</a>
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RichardCA大约 3 年前
Since we&#x27;re on this subject, one question I&#x27;ve never seen answered is why neutron stars have such intense magnetic fields. I mean in the normal universe we inhabit, certain chemical elements are magnetic while others are not. How can neutron star matter have magnetism when there are no electrons in orbitals anymore? I mean that seems like a good question, how a relatively well understood phenomenon like pulsars seems to depend on electromagnetic behavior that can&#x27;t be explained by Maxwell&#x27;s field equations.
rahimiali大约 3 年前
My take before reading the article was that “earth is already collapsed”. After reading the article, this still sounds like a fine explanation. Am I wrong?
ncmncm大约 3 年前
Weird. Why would anybody expect Earth to collapse at all, or to wait billions of years to collapse, or to collapse, but Jupiter not collapse first? Or not wonder why their own head doesn&#x27;t?
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