Many parts of North America did not have earth worms before they were introduced by European settlers. It's a question of semantics, but it is often argued that almost all worms are invasive in the United States. The devil you know...<p>"If you live in an area of North America where the glaciers once rested, there are no native terrestrial worms in your region. All of North America's native worm populations reside in the southeast and the Pacific northwest. All other worms species were wiped out by the glaciers. This means that, for millennia, northern North America's native ecosystems have evolved without the influence of any type of worms in the soil.<p>When Europeans settled the continent, they brought with them earthworms, specifically those known as night crawlers and red wigglers, in the ballasts of their ships. Since then, these worms have been spread all over the continent by a wide range of human activities like farming, composting, and fishing. Since their introduction, many forests have been invaded by these annelids and are now suffering heavily from earthworm activities."<p><a href="https://www.indefenseofplants.com/blog/2017/5/3/invasion-of-the-earthworms" rel="nofollow">https://www.indefenseofplants.com/blog/2017/5/3/invasion-of-...</a>