"But in Iceland, there was more than a factor of 1,000 higher rates of change for key chemical indicators," Jackson continued. "In a month, the Fagradalsfjall eruption showed more compositional variability than the Kilauea eruptions showed in decades. The total range of chemical compositions that were sampled at this eruption over the course of the first month span the entire range that has ever erupted in southwest Iceland in the last 10,000 years."