Unfortunately, the power dynamics between tenured professors and graduate students is very skewed to the prof. I spent some time in academics and for the most part things worked fine, grad students worked through the programs and support from the profs ranged from meh to excellent. However, every once in a while there would be case where the prof was overtly attempting to screw over the student. Just blatant abuse of power. Avenues for recourse for the student were weak at best, especially if the prof did things that was in their discretion to do, like evaluating the 'soundness of the science', but not break any actual rules. The only real solution was for the student to find another prof to take over as their supervisor, but it wasn't always possible for them to keep the same project because of funding and proprietary info, etc. So the student could just end of losing years of work.