The Most Efficient and Environment Friendly Programming Languages

I think a lot of the time the most eco friendly language is whichever one doesn't make a bunch of bugs and missing features, causing people to hate tech and then go use a wood stove instead of a heat pump, toss phones in the ocean, or burn down a research lab.

There is a more recent paper by Pereira et al. from 2021 (see <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.sciencedirect.com&#x2F;science&#x2F;article&#x2F;abs&#x2F;pii&#x2F;S0167642321000022);" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.sciencedirect.com&#x2F;science&#x2F;article&#x2F;abs&#x2F;pii&#x2F;S01676...</a> if geomean is used (which is the correct method) instead of what they apparently do in the paper, there is yet a different order (see <a href="http:&#x2F;&#x2F;software.rochus-keller.ch&#x2F;Ranking_programming_languages_by_energy_efficiency_evaluation.ods" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http:&#x2F;&#x2F;software.rochus-keller.ch&#x2F;Ranking_programming_languag...</a>).