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How to Solve It (1945)

203 点作者 GamerUncle将近 2 年前

22 条评论

boppo1将近 2 年前
This summary really undersells the book IMO. It&#x27;s one of the more interesting books I&#x27;ve read in that it is not structured linearly. He introduces a few ideas which have very particular language he defines in the remainder of the book which is essentially a dictionary. If you don&#x27;t come from a math-y background and you are trying to get into serious mathematics, this definitely helps to &#x27;lift the veil&#x27; on how you might think about math. Most of the criticism I&#x27;ve heard about the book comes from<p>Paraphrased from memory: &quot;I&#x27;m not claiming to have discovered anything special here. What I think I&#x27;m doing is describing the mental operations that lots of people perform, consciously or unconsciously, to solve different sorts of problems. You probably already do some or all of what I&#x27;m describing.&quot;<p>I found that he <i>was</i> describing some thought patterns that I am <i>extremely</i> familiar with because I use them so often. Making them explicit was pretty cool. I haven&#x27;t gotten around to his follow-up works yet, but I look forward to them.
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lcuff将近 2 年前
On a totally orthogonal axis: My biggest problem with tackling math problems early in life was psychological. My inner critic would say nasty things to me when I didn&#x27;t get the answer right away, making it impossible to stick with exploring the problem. Once I overcame that, I got lots better at math.<p>And working on yet another axis, the most useful tip I&#x27;ve gotten on how to think about problems is to &quot;think in extremes&quot;. Perhaps more applicable to physics than math, but a classic example is the puzzle where a ship in a lock (closed system&#x2F;giant bathtub) has an engine break down. As the engine is being hauled out for repairs, the chain breaks and the engine drops into the lock beside the ship and falls to the bottom of the lock. Does the water in the lock rise, fall or stay the same? The only person I ever told the problem to that solved it described his technique: Imagine the engine is the size of a pea and weighs 20 tons. Shazaam: The water in the lock falls because it is now displacing its volume, instead of its weight in water.
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js2将近 2 年前
Ah yes, just four steps:<p>1. Understand the problem.<p>2. Devise a plan.<p>3. Carry out the plan.<p>4. Look back.<p>---<p>Compare with the Fenyman Algorithm:<p>1. Write down the problem.<p>2. Think real hard.<p>3. Write down the solution.<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;wiki.c2.com&#x2F;?FeynmanAlgorithm" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;wiki.c2.com&#x2F;?FeynmanAlgorithm</a><p>(The discussion on FeynmanAlgorithm links back to Polya&#x27;s book since not everyone is Feynman.)
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ergocoder将近 2 年前
I read it and it doesn&#x27;t help much.<p>What helps with solving problems like math and algorithmic problems is to go through a lot of problems to see different patterns and strategies of solving problems. I&#x27;m talking about going through thousands of problems. That is very effective.
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RcouF1uZ4gsC将近 2 年前
Or you can just be like von Neumann<p>From: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.tennessean.com&#x2F;story&#x2F;opinion&#x2F;columnists&#x2F;teachable-moments&#x2F;2013&#x2F;12&#x2F;28&#x2F;john-von-neumann-had-mad-passion-for-mathematics&#x2F;4228849&#x2F;" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.tennessean.com&#x2F;story&#x2F;opinion&#x2F;columnists&#x2F;teachabl...</a><p>&gt;George Pólya, one of his university teachers, said, “I came to a certain theorem, and I said it is not proved and it may be difficult. Von Neumann didn’t say anything but after five minutes he raised his hand. When I called on him, he went to the blackboard and proceeded to write down the proof. After that I was afraid of von Neumann.”
sverona将近 2 年前
<i>Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning</i>, in two volumes also by Polya, is the closest thing I&#x27;ve ever found to an explanation of how a working mathematician goes about her business. It has exercises, too. Great fun when I was in undergrad.
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bee_rider将近 2 年前
&gt; What is the unknown? What are the data? What is the condition?<p>…<p>&gt; Did you use all the data? Did you use the whole condition? Have you taken into account all essential notions involved in the problem?<p>What sort of problems are they solving, that they can somehow identify the relevant data to the point that they know once they’ve chomped their way through the data, the problem is done? It seems oddly constructed (I can only imagine that I know I’ve only been given relevant data if I’m working a textbook problem or playing a video game; somebody has set the problem up for me, but clearly this was written by somebody prestigious, so that isn’t it).
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steno132将近 2 年前
The best people I work with don&#x27;t use this stuff. They solve problems based on pattern matching.<p>Having read hundreds of books and papers over the years, no problem seems new to them. They can rapidly find a solution, especially compared to someone trying to derive a answer from first principles like Polya suggests.
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dang将近 2 年前
Related. Surely there have been others?<p><i>How to solve it</i> - <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;news.ycombinator.com&#x2F;item?id=17726102">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;news.ycombinator.com&#x2F;item?id=17726102</a> - Aug 2018 (1 comment)<p><i>George Pólya: How to Solve It (1945)</i> - <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;news.ycombinator.com&#x2F;item?id=13255739">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;news.ycombinator.com&#x2F;item?id=13255739</a> - Dec 2016 (1 comment)<p><i>George Pólya – How to Solve It (1945)</i> - <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;news.ycombinator.com&#x2F;item?id=12823608">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;news.ycombinator.com&#x2F;item?id=12823608</a> - Oct 2016 (1 comment)<p><i>G. Polya: How to Solve It</i> - <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;news.ycombinator.com&#x2F;item?id=153425">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;news.ycombinator.com&#x2F;item?id=153425</a> - April 2008 (1 comment)
furyofantares将近 2 年前
I remember this book as being written for teachers and was about about prompting students as you help them solve problems.<p>I read it as a student, and felt it was somewhat formative even though I don&#x27;t think I ever explicitly applied anything it said.
modeless将近 2 年前
It&#x27;s prompt engineering for humans.
markc将近 2 年前
Rich Hickey (creator of Clojure) references Polya several times in his classic talk &quot;Hammock Driven Development&quot;. Here&#x27;s a transcript:<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;matthiasn&#x2F;talk-transcripts&#x2F;blob&#x2F;master&#x2F;Hickey_Rich&#x2F;HammockDrivenDev.md">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;matthiasn&#x2F;talk-transcripts&#x2F;blob&#x2F;master&#x2F;Hi...</a><p>I&#x27;ve long been impressed by Hickey&#x27;s problem solving skills, so I took much of this talk to heart, and even bought a copy of HTSI. Can&#x27;t say it really helped me any more than Rich&#x27;s talk (as a programmer) but I&#x27;m thinking I&#x27;ll give it another look.
greymalik将近 2 年前
What is meant by “the condition”? I am imagining that in x + 3 = 7 that x is the unknown and 3 and 7 are the data? Is the condition equality and, if so, how do you use that information?<p>Some more complicated examples would probably help me understand.
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R41将近 2 年前
Loved the way polia&#x27;s explained the basics of solving challenges by asking questions - - Can you find a problem analogous to your problem and solve that? - Can you add some new element to your problem to get closer to a solution? etc we always asks new onboard people to read this .It&#x27;s like a bible for problem solving .
ryandv将近 2 年前
How well does this book work for solving problems in Walter Rudin&#x27;s &quot;Principles of Mathematical Analysis?&quot;
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im_lince超过 1 年前
In our team we recommend this book to new joiners. The principles and methods shared by polya is valid for solving the not only the mathematical problems also engineering problems in effective way.
jzer0cool将近 2 年前
Anyone with an interesting example to share using these steps?
OldGuyInTheClub将近 2 年前
It&#x27;s easy when you have John von Neumann as a student.
dingosity将近 2 年前
Weird. I was just talking about this book to my offspring. You&#x27;re reading my mind, @GamerUncle.
ethanwillis将近 2 年前
I find it interesting how the link at the bottom of the page is a clearly hacked link.
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paulpauper将近 2 年前
this may work for simple problems. i have found it&#x27;s more like:<p>1. study extensive background&#x2F;prior art<p>2. have major epiphany to solve problem<p>3. try to get around inevitable roadblocks and complications during the process of solving it
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wayeq将近 2 年前
How to Solve it (202?)<p>Ask GPT7 to think for you