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The story of titanium

350 点作者 weird_user超过 1 年前

25 条评论

danielodievich超过 1 年前
As a kid in my father's workshop we had several 4mm thick titanium plates, scavenged from some industrial stuff in USSR research facility nearby. I had a lot of fun getting my visiting friends tey to dent it with hammers. No matter how hard you struck it just didn't care. Only the oxidation patina would show some trace of impact. It was absolute magic to me. And so incredibly light!
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hdivider超过 1 年前
Huge fan of Titanium.<p>If only we could find a cheap way to get the metal out of titanium dioxide. Like a Haber process-level breakthrough.<p>Then we could start replacing steel with titanium in many applications. Think entire freight trains, cargo ships, containers, cars, trucks, tractors -- all that heavy steel replaced by titanium alloys.<p>Enormous quantities of fuel and energy saved by lower density and higher strength. In many applications, it would likely make stainless steel obsolete.<p>Trillions of dollars of value may be locked up in such a breakthrough.
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megraf超过 1 年前
Resting next to me is a titanium ring, it is extremely light, resistant to ambient temp change, and is usually cool to the touch. It cost $15 or so. It wears in a really beautiful way, aging like it&#x27;s enjoying itself.<p>On my finger is a tungsten carbide ring, it&#x27;s extremely dense (that of gold, slightly heavier than uranium), and has a lot of interesting properties. It&#x27;s warmed quickly by my fingers, and rings the most beautiful tone when I strike it with some bar stock of AI.<p>Wolfram has been a very nice metal in my life, I wish it was more common, and would love to try to add some knurling to it.
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scrlk超过 1 年前
I can&#x27;t help but recall Steve Jobs introducing the PowerBook G4 Titanium:<p>&gt; &quot;Titanium! It&#x27;s made out of titanium! Like the spy planes! This is an incredible material, it&#x27;s stronger than steel yet lighter than aluminium.&quot;<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;youtu.be&#x2F;bNHkrnU77m0?t=92" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;youtu.be&#x2F;bNHkrnU77m0?t=92</a>
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A_D_E_P_T超过 1 年前
Almost everything about the article is wrong, oversimplified, or misleading.<p>Take this paragraph, for instance:<p><i>&gt; But despite its abundance, it&#x27;s only recently that civilization has been able to use titanium as a metal (titanium dioxide has been in use somewhat longer as a paint pigment). Because titanium so readily bonds with oxygen and other elements, it doesn’t occur at all in metallic form in nature. One engineer described titanium as a “streetwalker,&quot; because it will pick up anything and everything. While copper has been used by civilization since 7000 BC, and iron since around 3000 BC, titanium wasn’t discovered until the late 1700s, and wasn’t produced in metallic form until the late 19th century.</i><p>As this is basically a bunch of bullet points in paragraph form, it&#x27;ll be easier to handle if we break it down:<p><i>&gt; But despite its abundance, it&#x27;s only recently that civilization has been able to use titanium as a metal (titanium dioxide has been in use somewhat longer as a paint pigment).</i><p>The same also applies to aluminum, magnesium, nickel, etc.<p><i>&gt; Because titanium so readily bonds with oxygen and other elements, it doesn’t occur at all in metallic form in nature.</i><p>The same also applies to aluminum, magnesium, and even iron. (I mean, there&#x27;s some meteoric iron, but it&#x27;s very rare.) Pure metals are very rare in nature. What distinguishes iron and copper from aluminum and titanium is the energy required to split the oxide into metal.<p><i>&gt; One engineer described titanium as a “streetwalker,&quot; because it will pick up anything and everything.</i><p>Titanium is not more reactive than aluminum and it&#x27;s far less reactive than magnesium. In fact, it&#x27;s slightly less reactive than iron overall. (i.e., more chemically stable under normal conditions and in contact with common acids.)<p><i>&gt; While copper has been used by civilization since 7000 BC, and iron since around 3000 BC, titanium wasn’t discovered until the late 1700s, and wasn’t produced in metallic form until the late 19th century.</i><p>This has everything to do with the temperature required to separate the metal from the oxygen atoms binding it, and nothing to do with anything else. What&#x27;s more, it applies even more strongly to aluminum, which was discovered in 1825 -- three decades after the discovery of titanium. (1791.) So there&#x27;s absolutely nothing unique about titanium in this regard.<p>I could go on. But basically this is an &quot;I hecking love science&quot; article that barely scratches the surface of the subject -- and still manages to be subtly misleading.
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robwwilliams超过 1 年前
Great overview: Titanium production technology essentially “willed into existence” by the US government (mainly the military branches) but now critical in health care for implants that embed with bone and that do not induce rejection.
303uru超过 1 年前
Love titanium, something so cool about it. It’s like steel with no downsides. I’ve got 5 ti bikes and a few ti watches, one of my favorite pieces though is my snow peak double wall titanium mug.
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Vicinity9635超过 1 年前
I have a titanium chainmail shirt: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.etsy.com&#x2F;listing&#x2F;505806057&#x2F;titanium-chainmaille-t-shirt" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.etsy.com&#x2F;listing&#x2F;505806057&#x2F;titanium-chainmaille-...</a> (me in 2nd pic)<p>It weighs just 6.6 lbs. (the page says 6.5 but I had to have him add a bit cause I got too swole in the lats a couple of years ago.)<p>It&#x27;s fun to have someone try it on then watch them struggle as they can&#x27;t figure out how to get it off lol<p>If you bend over and stick your arms down it basically slide off on its own.<p>What&#x27;s really interesting is the ringing sound it makes when you play with it or move around wearing it, it&#x27;s a noticibly higher pitch than steel is.<p>I also have a necklace&#x2F;spacepen lanyard, wallet chain, and coif made of titanium by Bim also. My keyrings and bottle opener are also titanium. It&#x27;s such a cool metal. Kind of a pity it makes a very poor knife blade. Speaking of: I also replaced the screws and hinges of my bespoke Benchmade knife with titanium ones, because why not?<p>A bit obsessed as you can tell.<p>tl;dr I have a mithril shirt
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painted-now超过 1 年前
I owned a carbon road bike - which unfortunately I wrecked due to a problem with my chain. I then bought a used titanium bike, and I have peace of mind since then. It might be just a psychological effect - but it just feels good to have a bike frame that&#x27;s extremely difficult to destroy.
AngryData超过 1 年前
Titanium is a wonderful material but I think many people are way more idealistic about how great it is than it is in reality. In nearly every category other than weight constraints steel still wins out and is so much easier to work with.
Ingaz超过 1 年前
Great article! Sad it&#x27;s so USA-centric. It would be great to read &quot;Soviet part&quot; of titanium
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stevefolta超过 1 年前
How can titanium be both a &quot;streetwalker&quot; and &quot;incredibly corrosion-resistant&quot;?
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dave333超过 1 年前
There is evidence titanium may be the cause of the rare disease yellow nail syndrome: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Yellow_nail_syndrome" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Yellow_nail_syndrome</a><p>study ref: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x2F;pmc&#x2F;articles&#x2F;PMC3176400&#x2F;" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&#x2F;pmc&#x2F;articles&#x2F;PMC3176400&#x2F;</a>
the-mitr超过 1 年前
Of possible interest<p>Tales About Metals<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;archive.org&#x2F;details&#x2F;VenetskyTalesAboutMetals" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;archive.org&#x2F;details&#x2F;VenetskyTalesAboutMetals</a><p>On Rare and Scattered Metals<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;archive.org&#x2F;details&#x2F;OnRareAndScatteredMetalsTalesAboutMetals" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;archive.org&#x2F;details&#x2F;OnRareAndScatteredMetalsTalesAbo...</a>
peter_d_sherman超过 1 年前
Great article!<p>&gt;<i>&quot;The earth contains a lot of titanium - it’s the ninth most abundant element in the earth’s crust. By mass, there’s more titanium in the earth’s crust than carbon by a factor of nearly 30, and more titanium than copper by a factor of nearly 100.&quot;</i><p>&gt;<i>&quot;Titanium was nearly as strong as stainless steel, but weighed 40% less.&quot;</i><p>Consider Steel I-Beams, used in construction:<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;I-beam" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;I-beam</a><p>Observation: If the workability difficulties of Titanium could be solved, at scale -- then not Steel, but <i>Titanium I-Beams</i> -- could be produced, en masse...<p>If this could be done cheaply enough, then, in the future, <i>Titanium I-Beams</i> -- produced in the U.S.A. -- <i>could retake the worldwide market for construction I-Beams</i> that was historically lost when other countries started producing Steel I-Beams cheaper than the U.S. did...<p>Anyway, an excellent article!
Animats超过 1 年前
Machining titanium is possible, but remains difficult. It&#x27;s slow and you go through a lot of cutters.<p>Now this is just showing off.[1] Daishin and Open Mind started with a 60 kilogram cylinder of titanium and milled a very detailed crown out of it. 300 hours of CNC machining time on a very good 5-axis mill. Most of the metal ends up as scrap.<p>The software for this is called HyperMill. If you have to ask how much it costs, you can&#x27;t afford it.<p>[1] <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.youtube.com&#x2F;watch?v=Bqv5SjC4s6w" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.youtube.com&#x2F;watch?v=Bqv5SjC4s6w</a>
rkagerer超过 1 年前
Great article, though I&#x27;m surprised they didn&#x27;t mention how the CIA clandestinely purchased much of the titanium for the SR-71 Blackboard (and it&#x27;s predecessor) from Russia through front companies.<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;nationalinterest.org&#x2F;blog&#x2F;buzz&#x2F;crazy-story-how-russia-helped-build-sr-71-blackbird-187431" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;nationalinterest.org&#x2F;blog&#x2F;buzz&#x2F;crazy-story-how-russi...</a>
SV_BubbleTime超过 1 年前
Heads up… except for mine almost none of the comments here mention Grade 5 (6AL4V).<p>This thread is a ton of people talking about things they think they understand but haven’t actually directly worked with. Just making things up or repeating things they heard once.<p>Anyone who actually uses it will know Grade 2, 5, 12, 23 etc.<p>I don’t mind particularly, there are some clearly educated people talking about chemistry, but it is important to note how many people here are talking out their asses.<p>The top current comment is about being unable to dent 4mm Ti plate with hammers - complete BS.
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MeImCounting超过 1 年前
I collect nice pocket knives. Many nice pocket knives are made from titanium and other fancy materials like carbon fiber. I love titanium above all other metals for its unique properties in being anodized and finished in a large variety of beautiful ways. If you are ever interested in seeing some truly unique and beautiful titanium finishes check out &quot;Knife Modders&quot; on instagram. Combinations of coatings&#x2F;anodizing&#x2F;laser etching can produce some truly beautiful pieces.
garbanzoPDX超过 1 年前
&gt; it formed the literal backbone of the most advanced aerospace technology on the planet.<p>I&#x27;m going to be pedantic here, but I feel like it needs to be said: no, it was not the &quot;literal&quot; backbone aerospace technology. It was the &quot;figurative&quot; backbone. There, I said it.
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rendaw超过 1 年前
&gt; After the war, the Bureau’s work on titanium accelerated. By 1947 it had successfully scaled up Kroll’s process<p>The article so far can be summarized as &quot;people played around with titanium, but had no idea what to use it for&quot; so why is the bureau suddenly trying to scale up production, or even mass producing it in the first place? It wasn&#x27;t until 1948 that they identified engineering applications.
euroderf超过 1 年前
Great discussion here. I can pretty much see why people would make a career of metals engineering.
pmarreck超过 1 年前
This is a really interesting story!
latchkey超过 1 年前
This is the 5th time this story has been posted here. None of the other times received any comments and only a few points.
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vermooten超过 1 年前
Come back, zinc! Come back!