I find it interesting that many permaculturists would include "invasive" species in their designs. (What makes something invasive has more to do with few, if any, ecological links to other species within the area). Anything from horseradish, asparagus, to autumn olives, sea buckthorne, jujube.<p>There's a particular case of the Tree of Heaven, an aggressive tree species that can live on land polluted by copper tailings. They get everywhere, grow back more prolific if you tried pulling them, and do not have a pleasant odor. The mayor of Jerome, AZ seeded them to help stop erosion in Jerome. And it worked.<p>Even running bamboo can be managed -- the key is to consistently harvest the edible sprouts.<p>This demonstrates the power of regeneration in living systems, be they ecologies or individual plants. It's aligning this regenerative power with the interests of human civilization that can restore wastelands, reverse desertification, while yielding something useful for humans.