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Solving climate change by abusing thermodynamic scaling laws

124 点作者 ckrapu8 个月前

29 条评论

avidiax8 个月前
Oil formed over millions of years at a rate of about 80,000 barrels &#x2F; year. We consume 36.4 billion barrels of oil per year. That means we consume oil about 455,000 times faster than it was originally produced. And this is just oil; I&#x27;m not counting coal and natural gas.<p>Trying to reverse that process by taking a fraction of one year&#x27;s plant growth and sequestering it is probably 5-6 orders of magnitude too little to stop climate change.<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;earthscience.stackexchange.com&#x2F;questions&#x2F;571&#x2F;how-much-oil-is-created-each-year" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;earthscience.stackexchange.com&#x2F;questions&#x2F;571&#x2F;how-muc...</a>
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xbmcuser8 个月前
This year ie 2024 world will add more solar power than the total consumption growth. This is despite the tariffs and sanctions on Chinese panels and batteries. I think the world is at the cusp of dramatic change that would come faster if not for western countries trying to protect their industries. I think adding more renewables as fast as possible specially solar is the best option as this will make essentially energy free which will decrease carbon production as well as allow to use the energy to capture carbon. Maybe we can get some nuclear fission or fusion breakthrough in the future but adding solar, wind and batteries as fast as possible should be the main focus for now.
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carapace8 个月前
I&#x27;m reminded of Pykrete:<p>&gt; Pykrete is a frozen ice composite, originally made of approximately 14% sawdust or some other form of wood pulp (such as paper) and 86% ice by weight (6 to 1 by weight).<p>&gt; Pykrete features unusual properties, including a relatively slow melting rate due to its low thermal conductivity, as well as a vastly improved strength and toughness compared to ordinary ice. These physical properties can make the material comparable to concrete, as long as the material is kept frozen.<p>&gt; Since World War II, pykrete has remained a scientific curiosity, unexploited by research or construction of any significance.<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Pykrete" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Pykrete</a>
pxeger18 个月前
What are you gonna do about all the nitrogen etc which the plants need? Are there good ways to reextract these nutrients from dead plant material without releasing loads of carbon at the same time?
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philipkglass8 个月前
I&#x27;m going to share my own insane idea for drawing down atmospheric CO2.<p>Capture CO2 as biomass or with direct air capture. Pyrolyze biomass to charcoal or use the Bosch reaction to recover pure carbon from CO2 chemically [1]. Then <i>combine the carbon with silicon</i> to form silicon carbide via the Acheson process:<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Acheson_process" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Acheson_process</a><p>Silicon carbide is extraordinarily resistant to mechanical erosion, oxidation, or any kind of natural degradation. Put the silicon carbide in a geologically stable desert and it could keep the carbon out of the carbon cycle until the sun grows hot enough to render the Earth uninhabitable. Continually extract and convert CO2 from the atmosphere and oceans until natural CO2 levels drop near zero and the desert is full of silicon carbide mountain ranges.<p>As a mere mitigation for AGW, this is a stinker. It requires an order of magnitude more energy and complexity than direct air capture of CO2 (which itself is already too energetically demanding and complex). But if you have the Sahara-sized robotic solar farm and industrial complex to put it into practice, it makes a <i>great</i> doomsday weapon!<p>Most actually-buildable doomsday weapons leave numerous survivors behind. Ordinary global nuclear war would barely deplete uncontacted tribes in the Amazon. Cockroaches would still survive cobalt salted nuclear warfare at the gigaton scale. Even an army of roving Terminators might eliminate multicellular life yet struggle to locate protozoans.<p>But I think that Total Carbon Sequestration could end <i>all</i> life, not just the visible-to-the-naked-eye species. All life needs carbon. And no species (save humans, via technological means) is capable of extracting carbon from silicon carbide. So with a hundred trillion dollar investment in a fully autonomous complex of solar farms, carbon capture facilities, and silicon carbide factories, I believe that we could solve global warming <i>and</i> end all life on Earth. Just like the Earth will do naturally in about a billion years [2] as CO2 levels fall, but up to 10,000 times faster! I&#x27;m still working on a funding model and a rationale for why this should be done at all, but some things are inspiring just because they&#x27;re possible.<p>[1] <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Bosch_reaction" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Bosch_reaction</a><p>[2] <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Timeline_of_the_far_future" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Timeline_of_the_far_future</a>
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hnmullany8 个月前
Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from these piles would likely be rather high, potentially negating any carbon sequestration benefits
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laserbeam8 个月前
I’m skimming through this and it feels like a well thought out research proposal with concrete next steps. My thermodynamics is too bad to comment on the approach but it looks cool. As long as setting up experiments for it is reasonable in cost, wouldn’t take too long to show results (before it’s too late for the planet), and can show that enough CO2 can be captured and long term costs make sense, then it sounds great! I hope some of the proposed next steps get funding.<p>Commenting “wouldn’t Z be better instead” feels counterproductive to the discussion here.
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analog318 个月前
&gt;&gt;&gt; raise crops for biomass (sequestering CO2) and freeze them in huge aboveground piles during winter by running pipes through the middle<p>Isn&#x27;t this what the arctic tundra is, without the pipes?
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jacknews8 个月前
Or just burn the huge piles to charcoal (pyrolysis), then you&#x27;re only storing carbon, and it certainly won&#x27;t decay. Even use it as a soil enhancer.
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ospray8 个月前
The globe is mostly water. Ocean fertilization make a lot more sense than this for a whole bunch of reasons. The inter-continental sea floor automatically freezes all carbon that goes down there most of it is stored as methane. Just need a fleet of nuclear powered fertilizer ships to kick it off hopefully you get more fish as a result. <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.m.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Ocean_fertilization" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.m.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Ocean_fertilization</a>
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schiffern8 个月前
<p><pre><code> &gt;we avoid most capital expenditures... since no provision must be made for moisture management or geotechnical engineering </code></pre> No summer rains in this (presumably agricultural) project area?<p>I see no math for heat transfer due to rainwater percolation through the pile. &quot;Assuming all voids are filled with water&quot; is great and all, but (with apologies to <i>Jurassic Park</i>) water... uh... finds a way. Meltwater will even tunnel its way through compacted glacial ice.<p>Plus the &quot;dry&quot; insulation layer won&#x27;t stay dry for long.
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wolfram748 个月前
A structural question comes to mind, if the pipes are arrayed horizontally, how important is it to keep the pipes straight while they&#x27;re being compressed by metric tons of biomass? Are they at risk of being squished closed? It&#x27;s too late at night for me to ball park the pressures involved, but it&#x27;ll be something like an extra atmosphere of pressure every 20 to 30 meters? This thing is over a hundred meters tall?
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FooBarBizBazz8 个月前
Why doesn&#x27;t the obvious thing, i.e., making charcoal, work? You can call it &quot;biochar&quot; if you want. A big pile runs the risk of catching fire, but if it&#x27;s mixed with soil I&#x27;d think it won&#x27;t burn. Is there some slow oxidation process to worry about? I&#x27;d think that charcoal briquettes, pencil leads, and soot would all last essentially forever.<p>Plus, you can harness the pretty-high-grade heat energy extracted during the charcoal-making, to run heat engines or for other uses. So it&#x27;s basically a way to use biology to get some solar power, and to sequester carbon at the same time.<p>If you&#x27;re talking about only the charcoal-making, then this is prehistoric technology, and if you throw heat engines into the mix then you&#x27;re at maybe an 1880s tech level. Seems easy?<p>I guess the &quot;giant pile of frozen vegetables&quot; method is even simpler in some ways (pipes being the only tech), but it also seems less stable, and it doesn&#x27;t return the non-carbon nutrients to the soil.<p>What am I missing?
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pfdietz8 个月前
The problem with all biomass-based solution is the low efficiency of photosynthesis. This is why producing liquid fuels from biomass cannot be a general drop-in replacement for petroleum.
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FrustratedMonky8 个月前
&quot;&quot;I hope other companies follow Gitpod&#x27;s lead and support the high achievers that our digital society is built upon by enabling them to become independent artists that build truly open ecosystems&quot;&quot;<p>This a great idea.<p>It forgets that most artist starve.<p>The meme of the &quot;Starving Artist&quot; working as a barista, is not in our cultural zeitgeist for nothing.
derdi8 个月前
On the one hand: Nice formulas.<p>On the other hand: Glaciers are melting, even in Iceland. Keeping stuff frozen seems pretty difficult in practice.<p>Also, one of the formulas for air flow through the pile seems to assume 90 straight days of constantly freezing temperatures. I doubt there is prime agricultural land where you get that.
nayuki8 个月前
Oddly related to today&#x27;s video from Half as Interesting about covering up snow on ski slopes during the summer: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.youtube.com&#x2F;watch?v=PB3rYfJjcMk" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;www.youtube.com&#x2F;watch?v=PB3rYfJjcMk</a>
littlestymaar8 个月前
Instead of freezing plants we can more simply drop them in oxygen deprived seas, like the bottom of the black sea.<p>The problem is the scale that is required, we generate so much CO2 that capturing it would require to build the biggest industry on earth dedicated to this (several time that of concrete)
RhysU8 个月前
Are the going prices for carbon credits sufficiently high that this approach could be commercialized?
wiskinator8 个月前
Or. And I’m just spit balling here. Plant super long lived trees. Redwoods live for &gt;200 years. Eucalyptus grow very quickly and might be a good option too.
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seu8 个月前
Nice idea, but the climate crisis is not solved with technology (we already know and have everything we need) but by politics and changing our consumption habits.
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FrustratedMonky8 个月前
&quot;Microsoft .NET C# (fsharp is completely open and does not have these issues)&quot;<p>There you go. Everyone should use F#
semiinfinitely8 个月前
nice glad its solved now. great headline
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aqme288 个月前
Is there some plugin I&#x27;m missing for the LaTeX to render, or did they miss a step when publishing?
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lolive7 个月前
The best option is a global deadly disease. #thanosWasRight
jeisc8 个月前
we created the problem by abusing technology so I doubt more technology will solve it. We need to change our consumerism culture from throw away to keep forever.
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prawel8 个月前
much better option than stratospheric aerosol injection, it’s easily reversible
microbug8 个月前
no one understands uncertainty
8474_s8 个月前
wouldn&#x27;t it be much simpler to just mass produce more furniture out of wood, instead of keeping the same-equivalent biomass frozen infinitely?
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