Not sure if my experience is relevant, but from what I've seen there are two interested parties with different capabilities and interests:<p>- The employee's direct manager: values the employee the most, doesn't want to lose him, but cannot really directly offer pay. So instead, the manager offers praise, and more flexibility (personal leave on an ad-hoc basis, placement on best projects, etc.) If the employee wants to leave, the manager can attempt to justify a better salary to higher ups / HR, but has no actual control over this outside of making the case on behalf of the employee.<p>- HR / higher ups: I'm far less clear on how this works, however they seem to have hard limits for what they can offer, and no amount of convincing will budge those limits.<p>In total, it feels a bit like arguing with a low-level support tech: your case can be reasonable, the support tech is actually wise enough to the best solution, but his hands are tied by policy and he has no ability to change it.