> It seems to imply that a vast amount of it is not browser-based,<p>Given the number of CI pipelines I've seen which download package X and then install it, and do this every time the pipeline is run... I'm not surprised<p>Yes, one should be using some artifact caching solution. But I don't think any of them are truly seamless, they all involve extra busywork in each pipeline to actually turn them on, and it isn't surprising a lot of people don't. Or else, people do set it up for <i>some</i> things in the pipeline (e.g. APT/RPM, Maven, Gradle, PyPI, NPM, etc) but then there's some random other thing it needs which just gets pulled in with wget or curl.