It is contemporarily relevant to look at the euphemistic <i>'exchange of populations'</i> during and after the Greco-Turkish War. Today it would be called <i>'ethnic cleansing'.</i> In Anatolia itself, it took the form of genocide. The Turks had recently executed the Armenian and Assyrian (Sayfo) genocides.<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1919%E2%80%931922)" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1919%E2%80%...</a><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_exchange_between_Greece_and_Turkey" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_exchange_between_Gr...</a><p>Most vividly, it was covered by journalist Ernest Hemingway for the Toronto Star:<p><pre><code> A Silent, Ghastly Procession Wends Its Way from Thrace (20 Oct 1922)
Refugee Procession is Scene of Horror (14 Nov 1922)
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But he also put his experiences into fiction, especially <i>"On The Quai At Smyrna"</i>, describing the tragic murderous evacuation of Greeks from (what is now) Izmir, Turkey.<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Quai_at_Smyrna" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Quai_at_Smyrna</a><p>Some telling quotes here:<p><a href="https://www.neomagazine.com/2022/04/on-the-quay-at-smyrna-ernest-hemingway-and-1922/" rel="nofollow">https://www.neomagazine.com/2022/04/on-the-quay-at-smyrna-er...</a><p>You can find these works in many collections of his journalism and short stories (e.g. "Byline"). I am very glad his early work is now coming out of copyright (and the journalism in Canada too? - if someone has links to his original articles, please post them).<p>Here is an out-of-copyright paragraph of "In Our Time", which recollects the refugee columns passing through Thrace, to and from Salonika, in 1922:<p><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/61085/pg61085-images.html#CH3" rel="nofollow">https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/61085/pg61085-images.ht...</a><p>There are similar scenes in our world today. Not being <i>played out</i> today, but really happening.