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Powers of 2 with all even digits

265 点作者 Hbruz02 个月前

22 条评论

nneonneo2 个月前
Fun fact: 2^133477987019 is the smallest power of two that ends with 40 even digits. In fact, it ends with 46 even digits - which is surprising, given that it is significantly smaller than 2^(2^46). The last 50 digits of this number are ...32070644226208822284248862288402404246620406284288. This number has over 40 billion digits, though, so it seems kind of unlikely that we will ever find another number where all the digits are even. The relevant OEIS sequence is here: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;oeis.org&#x2F;A096549" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;oeis.org&#x2F;A096549</a><p>Context: I wrote a search program that is substantially faster - it takes just a few minutes to get up to 2^(10^13), although my laptop&#x27;s limited memory is starting to be a problem (my intermediate result file is already nearly 1GB in size). Unfortunately, it seems there are no results up to 2^15258789062500, which is a 4.5-trillion digit number.
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bluewin2 个月前
I worked on this once after an argument with my boyfriend.<p>The original argument was &quot;the ones digit has permanent pattern in 2^n {2,4,8,6,2...}.<p>We made a system to generate digits for powers of two, although eventually we just made one that can take arbitrary bases, and found that you can decompose digit frequency and find a variety of NMR like resonances that vary based on where you terminate data collection.<p>It was really fun and this makes me want to get back into this so I could check the properties of those resonances across bases and stopping points for data collection.
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WithinReason2 个月前
<i>No additional terms up to 2^(10^10). - Michael S. Branicky, Apr 16 2023</i><p>How did he do this?
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waffletower2 个月前
Definitely not finite in radix-16 (hexadecimal): [2 4 8 10 20 40 80 100 200 400 800 1000 2000 4000 8000 10000 20000 40000 80000 100000 200000 400000 800000 1000000 ...]<p>or radix-8 (octal): [2 4 10 20 40 100 200 400 1000 2000 4000 10000 20000 40000 100000 ...]<p>Interesting puzzle due to radix representation and sequence interactions.
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hrldcpr2 个月前
The base 2 list is even shorter.
andrewla2 个月前
This is remarkable! I always find it fascinating that simple to express properties lack a proof. This is a very simple thing to evaluate and seems like it should be straightforward to establish that 2048 is the highest such power.
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IsTom2 个月前
It might be finite, but it also has a &quot;fast growing sequence&quot; kind of smell too.
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Mae_soph2 个月前
I might have a proof that this list is complete (I am very tired though and should be sleeping instead of doing this, so my apologies if I&#x27;m wrong): Because we can only get one extra by carrying, each digit of 2^(k - 1) is at most 4 (otherwise the next digit in 2^k will be odd).<p>Assume this list is complete up to 10^n. We find the biggest l such that 2^(5^(l - 1)*4) &lt; 10^n. Let us consider the 10^(n+1) &gt; 2^k &gt; 10^n such that 2^k has all even digits. By cyclicity of powers of 2 mod 10^l (that&#x27;s why we chose this l), this means that 2^(k - 1) = a*10^l + b, where a is some integer and b is 1,2,4,32 or 1024 (because those are the only options with digits less than 5 mod 10^l). If l &gt; 10,that means that we can divide by b to get 2^(k-1)&#x2F;b = c*10^d + 1 where c and d are nonzero integers. But this is a contradiction.<p>Now we only need to show up to 2^(5^10 * 4) to allow l &gt; 10, which has already been done by other comments.
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ted_dunning2 个月前
I extended the search to all 2^n where n &lt; 10^15<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;tdunning&#x2F;EvenDigits" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;tdunning&#x2F;EvenDigits</a><p>This uses much higher order sieves so that it runs about 32000 times faster than the naive algorithm and was able to search to this point on a single core. It is also possible to thread this algorithm relatively easily.
Aardwolf2 个月前
In base 2 there are 0 of those since all are of the form 1000...
openasocket2 个月前
For those curious, one relevant field of mathematics that could be used to prove properties of this sequence would be Sieve theory: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.m.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Sieve_theory" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.m.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Sieve_theory</a>
lanna2 个月前
How many powers of 2 have just a single even digit? 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 512...
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vanderZwan2 个月前
I&#x27;d love to see a numberphile episode on this, for two reasons:<p>1: it&#x27;s been too long since we&#x27;ve had a Neil Sloane episode, which are always a highlight<p>2: it sounds like the kind of thing where just a little bit more attention from maths enthusiasts will result in a proof of the sequence being finite (or not) very quickly
bitwize2 个月前
Not all even digits, but I&#x27;m still mindblown that 33554432 is a power of 2 (2^25). It makes a nice little song on one of those singing calculators from the 80s that play a little tune with a different note for each digit.
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jmount2 个月前
Simple permutations of digits: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;rworks.dev&#x2F;posts&#x2F;digital-difficulties&#x2F;" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;rworks.dev&#x2F;posts&#x2F;digital-difficulties&#x2F;</a>
chasing2 个月前
Yeah, but how many powers of 2 have all odd digits?
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kristopolous2 个月前
Isn&#x27;t this just the elliptic curve problem and RH?<p>As in, could you somehow solve it without knocking the other two down in a major way?
froh2 个月前
I wonder if the double dabble binary to decimal algorithm could be modified to check this relatively efficiently?<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Double_dabble" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Double_dabble</a><p>for 2^n only zeroes are shifted in, to all eternity. thus the lowest digits go through a fixed cycle.<p>as the top but is shifted to the left in each shift+add-threes-where-needed cycle, and leaves &quot;it&#x27;s&quot; bcd digit after four such cycles, I intuit the next bcd byte will also switch to some cycle, as it&#x27;s &#x27;input&#x27; is boringly deterministic: all zeroes for the lowest digit, leading to 1, 2, 4, 8 (1)6, (1)2, 4, 8, (1)6, (1)2, ... so 0000(1100)* is shifted in to the tens digit.<p>that gives 0,0,0,0, 0+1, 2+1, 6, (1)2, 4+1, (1)0+1, 2, 4, 8+1, (1)8+1, (1)8, (1)6, (1)2+1, 6+1, (1)4, 8, (1)6+1, (1)4+1, (1)0, 0, 0+1, 2+1, ... for the tens digit. which has a period of 20 ... with a shift to hundreds pattern of 0000(00010100011110101110)* and an odd odd even even rhythm on the tens digit.<p>noice.<p>some number nerds will for sure figure or know ways to spin this on for the hundreds digit. and determine the periodicity of having all the lowest n digits even. or the loss of that periodicity... because maybe just maybe this spins into some wheel where one of the digits foo to bar always is odd. and then you can stop searching...<p>but what do I know.<p>I just Dunning-Kruger an intuition that the &quot;double dabble&quot; bin2bcd _may_ be useful in this :-D
millipede2 个月前
Unbelievable, they actually missed one: 2^(log(22)&#x2F;log(2)) has all even digits!
darepublic2 个月前
Is there any way to approach this beside brute forcing.
kazinator2 个月前
Try that requirement in base 2. :)
netsharc2 个月前
Somehow I missed the title and wondered what the fuck was going on...<p>2, 4, 8, 64, 2048 are powers of 2 (i.e. 2^n), and they don&#x27;t contain odd numbers (e.g. 16, 128, 1024 contain 1 so are not in this list, same with 4096 containing 9).
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